Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40171068›Full record

ArticlePsychiatric research and clinical practice2025

On Minimizing Risk and Harm in the Use of Psychedelics.

Jules Evans, Marc Aixalà, Brian T Anderson, William Brennan, Rebecka Bremler, Joost J Breeksema, Lisa Burback, Abigail E Calder, Robin L Carhart-Harris, Katherine Cheung and 21 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychiatric research and clinical practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Trials, trips, and tribulations: pathways for implementing psychedelic therapy in Ireland.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Trip killers: Addressing a critical knowledge gap in psychedelic research.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Classifying Psychedelic-Related Complications.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors.

Jules EvansThe Challenging Psychedelic Experiences Project London UK.
Marc AixalàInternational Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services (ICEERS) Barcelona Spain.
Brian T AndersonDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences University of California San Francisco California USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5023-660X
William BrennanGuideSite Consulting LLC New York City New York USA.
Rebecka BremlerCentre for Psychedelic Research Imperial College London London UK.
Joost J BreeksemaDepartment of Psychiatry Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.
Lisa BurbackDepartment of Psychiatry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada.
Abigail E CalderMolecular Psychiatry Lab Faculty of Science and Medicine University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland.
Robin L Carhart-HarrisPsychedelics Division - Neuroscape Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA.
Katherine CheungDepartment of Health Policy and Management Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Berman Institute of Bioethics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA.
Neşe DevenotUniversity Writing Program Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA.
Ingmar GormanFluence Training LLC Woodstock New York USA.
Jakub GreńInstitute of Psychiatry and Neurology Warsaw Poland.
Peter S HendricksDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA.
Brian HoloydaDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA.
Edward JacobsMedical Sciences Division Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford UK.
Joy KreckéDepartment of Psychology Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre University of Exeter Exeter UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0938-7224
Daniel J KrugerJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA.
David LukeSchool of Human Sciences University of Greenwich London UK.
Tomislav MajićPsychedelic Substances Research Group Psychiatric University Clinic of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany.
Amy L McGuireCenter for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA.
Nicky J MehtaniDepartment of Medicine University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA.
David S MathaiDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA.
Kristin NashWilliam G. Nash Foundation Santa Monica California USA.
Tehseen NooraniSchool of Pharmacy University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand.
Roman PalitskyEmory Center for Psychedelics and Spirituality Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA.
Oliver C RobinsonSchool of Human Sciences University of Greenwich London UK.
Otto SimonssonDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden.
Elin StahreFluence Training LLC Woodstock New York USA.
Michiel van ElkCognitive Psychology Institute of Psychology Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands.
David B YadenCenter for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This article outlines recommendations from 30 psychedelic researchers on how to create a better psychedelic safety net. Methods: A survey of 30 psychedelic researchers asked them to identify key critical research gaps around psychedelic harm and safety. Results: The critical research gaps identified by the authors included defining the main types of psychedelic harm, the predictors of those harms, and the most effective way to treat those harms. They also call for better support for those experiencing post-psychedelic difficulties, including better online information, peer support groups, affordable therapy, and psychiatric consultation and medication. Finally, the authors call for better funding to create a psychedelic safety net, and suggest psychedelic philanthropists, investors and companies could commit 1% of their investment in psychedelics into supporting safety measures such as research and support services. Conclusions: The authors identify several practical steps to create a better psychedelic safety net and call for more funding to psychedelic safety measures such as research and support services. Relevance to clinical practice: The authors outline important gaps in our knowledge around the safety and risk profile of psychedelic medicines and identify practical steps forward for researchers and clinical practitioners to make this promising field safer.

Identifiers

PMID40171068
PMCPMC11956720

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.