Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40170915›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2025

Stochastic modeling of the horse population and vaccination data indicates low annual vaccination coverage for West Nile virus in Canada (2016-2020).

Antoine Levasseur, Julie Paré, Pascale Aubry, Stefan Iwasawa, Doris Leung, Julie Arsenault

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Antoine LevasseurGroupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP) and Département de pathologie et microbiologie vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Levasseur, Paré, Arsenault); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Paré); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (Aubry); Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System, Animal Health Canada, P.O. Box 3013 RPO, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Iwasawa, Leung).
Julie ParéGroupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP) and Département de pathologie et microbiologie vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Levasseur, Paré, Arsenault); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Paré); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (Aubry); Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System, Animal Health Canada, P.O. Box 3013 RPO, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Iwasawa, Leung).
Pascale AubryGroupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP) and Département de pathologie et microbiologie vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Levasseur, Paré, Arsenault); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Paré); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (Aubry); Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System, Animal Health Canada, P.O. Box 3013 RPO, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Iwasawa, Leung).
Stefan IwasawaGroupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP) and Département de pathologie et microbiologie vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Levasseur, Paré, Arsenault); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Paré); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (Aubry); Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System, Animal Health Canada, P.O. Box 3013 RPO, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Iwasawa, Leung).
Doris LeungGroupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP) and Département de pathologie et microbiologie vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Levasseur, Paré, Arsenault); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Paré); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (Aubry); Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System, Animal Health Canada, P.O. Box 3013 RPO, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Iwasawa, Leung).
Julie ArsenaultGroupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP) and Département de pathologie et microbiologie vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Levasseur, Paré, Arsenault); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Paré); Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (Aubry); Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System, Animal Health Canada, P.O. Box 3013 RPO, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Iwasawa, Leung).

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccination is the most efficient tool for preventing West Nile virus (WNV) disease in horses. The objectives of this retrospective study were to: i) estimate the provincial and national horse population in Canada; ii) estimate the annual vaccination coverage for WNV in each province; and iii) compare estimates of provincial annual vaccination coverage. Horse population data (2006-2023) and the number of vaccine doses sold in Canada (2016-2020) were obtained by province. Based on these data and expert consultations, the annual number of vaccine doses administered, and provincial horse populations were modeled at the provincial level using Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) distributions, whereas the probability of primary vaccination in vaccinated horses was modeled with a uniform distribution. The annual number of horses vaccinated was estimated using a binomial distribution. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate provincial annual vaccination coverage with 95% credible intervals (CI). National horse population and vaccination coverage were estimated by summing the provincial estimates. The national horse population in Canada (2016-2020) was estimated at 795 420 horses, with a vaccination coverage of 16% (95% CI: 13 to 20%). The vaccination coverage estimates for WNV ranged from 10% (95% CI: 6 to 20%) in the Atlantic provinces to 35% (95% CI: 22 to 53%) in Manitoba. The coverage was significantly higher (

Indexed as

Horse DiseasesVaccinationVaccination CoverageWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusWest Nile Virus VaccinesAnimalsCanadaHorsesRetrospective StudiesStochastic ProcessesWest Nile Virus Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID40170915
PMCPMC11924128

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.