ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Effective doses of remimazolam and esketamine combined with remifentanil for endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxants in pediatric patients.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Remimazolam in pediatric anesthesia: a systematic review for clinical decision-making.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Remimazolam in pediatric sedation and anesthesia: current perspectives and clinical considerations.Journal of intensive care · 2026Review
- Optimal Dosing Strategies for Remimazolam Across Diverse Patient Populations: A Clinical Narrative Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The combination of remimazolam and esketamine effectively alleviates adverse hemodynamic effects, such as tachycardia and hypertension, during intubation. However, the dosage for achieving optimal intubation conditions when co-administered with remifentanil remains unestablished. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effective doses of remimazolam and esketamine for endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxants in pediatric patients using Dixon's up-and-down method. Methods: This prospective, non-controlled, non-randomized clinical trial sequentially allocated 41 children aged 3-6 into two phases. All patients underwent tracheal intubation under general anesthesia. Patients received a fixed dose of remifentanil at 2.5 μg/kg via a pump over 90 s. In the first phase, the induction dose of remimazolam was set at 0.2 mg/kg. The first patient received esketamine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, administered with a dose gradient of 0.2 mg/kg based on Dixon's up-and-down method. 50% effective dose (ED Results: At a fixed dose of remifentanil (2.5 μg/kg), the ED Conclusion: The ED Clinical trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn, number: ChiCTR2200063847.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.