ArticleJournal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists2025
Comparative effects of conventional and electronic cigarettes on discoloration and surface roughness of gingiva-colored dental materials.
Article in Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Color stability of different aligner attachment composites following exposure to conventional and electronic cigarette smoke.Odontology · 2026Article
- Effects of types of air polishing powders on roughness, microhardness, color, and gloss of gingiva-colored resin-based composites.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Comparative effects of conventional and electronic cigarettes on discoloration and surface roughness of gingiva-colored dental materials.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2025Article
- Influence of electronic cigarette vapour on theBiomaterial investigations in dentistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the color changes and surface roughness of two different gingiva-colored prosthetic materials after exposure to conventional and electronic cigarettes. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 60 disk shaped gingiva-colored porcelain (GC Initial MC Gum, GC Europe NV, Leuven, Belgium) and indirect composite resin (Gradia Plus Gum Shades Heavy Body, GC Europe NV, Leuven, Belgium) specimens, each measuring 2 × 10 mm, were prepared. The porcelain and indirect composite resin samples were divided into two subgroups (n = 30). The initial color and roughness values of the samples were measured. A special setup was created to simulate cigarette smoking, where the samples were placed inside and exposed to two different types of cigarette smoke. After exposure, the final color and roughness values of the samples were measured again.
resultsAfter conventional cigarette exposure, porcelain specimens showed color changes of ΔE*ab = 7.404, ΔE00 = 7.502, and indirect composite resin specimens ΔE*
conclusionConventional cigarette exposure resulted in more significant color changes and surface roughness increases in gingiva-colored materials compared to electronic cigarettes. Indirect composite resins demonstrated lower color stability than porcelains. Patients with gingiva-colored porcelain and composite resin restorations should be informed about color and surface roughness changes due to smoking.
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Registered trials
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