ArticleCell communication and signaling : CCS2025
A temperature-responsive PLA-based nanosponge as a novel nanoadjuvant and efficient delivery carrier of Ag85B for effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Article in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Antigen 85B ofVaccines · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, the only licensed TB vaccine, has insufficient protective efficacy in adults, necessitating the development of new TB vaccines. Ag85B, a protein-subunit TB vaccine, is a promising candidate due to its high immunogenicity. However, its hydrophobicity presents challenges in manufacturing, expression, and purification, and Ag85B alone does not elicit sufficient immune stimulation. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to design a temperature-responsive amine-terminated polylactic acid (PLA)-based nanosponge (aPNS) as both a nanoadjuvant and an efficient delivery carrier for Ag85B.
methodsAg85B was produced using an EZtag fusion tag vector, achieving high product yield and purity. It was then loaded into aPNS, a nanoparticle system with a PLA core and Pluronic shell, through a temperature-responsive process at 4 °C that preserved protein bioactivity. The stability and sustained-release profile of Ag85B@aPNS were evaluated. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies were conducted using macrophages. Protective efficacy and immunogenicity were assessed in M. tuberculosis-challenged mice and BCG-primed mice.
resultsThe Ag85B protein was successfully produced and loaded into aPNS, which exhibited good colloidal stability and a sustained-release profile. Neither the synthesized Ag85B nor the aPNS showed significant cytotoxicity. aPNS enhanced the cellular uptake of antigens by macrophages. Compared to BCG, Ag85B@aPNS demonstrated superior protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis in mice and improved immunogenicity in BCG-primed mice.
conclusionAg85B@aPNS is a viable candidate for TB vaccination, showing potential as both a standalone vaccine and a BCG-booster. Its ability to enhance immunogenicity and provide protection highlights its promise in addressing the limitations of current TB vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.