Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40169965›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025

Economic burden of infective endocarditis in Zhejiang region from 2007 to 2016.

Zhenzhu Wu, Yi Chen, Yingying Ma, Tingting Xiao, Yonghong Xiao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zhenzhu Wu *Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China.
Yi Chen *Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
Yingying Ma *State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
Tingting XiaoState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
Yonghong XiaoState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China. xiaoyonghong@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfective endocarditis (IE) has attracted widespread public attention. However, studies on its economic burden remain scarce.

methodsThis retrospective study aimed to collect data on the clinical characteristics of patients with IE from electronic medical records and estimate the economic burden with disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Additionally, the changing trend of IE from 2007 to 2016 and differences between native valve endocarditis (NVE) and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) on economic burden were analyzed.

resultsThere were 407 patients with IE enrolled in this study. The total DALY loss was 1710.2. The average indirect economic burden ranged from $6253.27 to $14766.34 from 2007 to 2016 showing a stable trend, which was 1.67 to 2.46 times the annual per gross domestic product (GDP). Interestingly, the average indirect economic burden for females ranged from $5941.37 to $17261.07 with a significant upward trend during this period (P = 0.035).The average DALY loss and indirect economic burden were highest in patient aged ≤ 19 (4.82, $21486.12) and lowest in those aged 80-89(0.46, $342.87), decreasing significantly with age(both P<0.001). Finally, there were no significant differences in the average DALY loss and indirect economic burden between the PVE group and NVE group during this period (2.69 vs. 2.63, P = 0.740; $9224.0vs. $11789.4, P = 0.136).

conclusionsThe DALY loss and indirect economic burden associated with IE were notably high, particularly among younger patients and females. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive care and early interventions, especially for youth and gender-specific strategies, to reduce disparities in IE burden.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessEndocarditisAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChinaDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultDisability-adjusted life yearsIndirect economic burdenInfective endocarditisProsthetic valve endocarditis

Identifiers

PMID40169965
PMCPMC11963642

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.