Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40169841›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Image encryption scheme based on thorp shuffle and pseudo dequeue.

Shengtao Geng, Danlei Guo, Xuncai Zhang, Yanfeng Wang, Ying Niu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Shengtao GengSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Danlei GuoSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Xuncai ZhangSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. zhangxuncai@pku.edu.cn.
Yanfeng WangSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Ying NiuSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 62102374
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To enhance the security level of image data transmission, this paper proposes a four-dimensional hyperchaotic image encryption scheme based on the combination of Thorp shuffle and pseudo dequeue. First, the nonlinear term of the classic four-dimensional Chen chaotic system is improved to construct an improved four-dimensional hyperchaotic system. Phase diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and equilibrium points are used to analyze its dynamic characteristics. The system has rich dynamic behaviors, and its maximum Lyapunov exponent reaches 11.3. Second, the SHA-256 algorithm is used in combination with plain image information to generate an initial chaotic key. On the basis of this key, a pseudorandom sequence is generated by the chaotic system and used for scrambling and diffusion operations. An image encryption algorithm combined with chaotic sequences is subsequently designed, which includes index scrambling, a double-ended Thorp shuffle, and a diffusion step based on a multiplane bit operation. Finally, the performance of this algorithm is evaluated through experiments such as statistical analysis, differential attack analysis, and noise attack analysis. The information entropy of the cipher image can reach 7.9994, with the number of pixel change rates and the unified average change intensity being close to the ideal value, and the percentage of floating frequency can reach 63%. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has high encryption efficiency and security and performs excellently in terms of anti-attack performance.

Indexed as

Bit-plane diffusionDNA encodingImage encryptionImproved chaotic systemThorp shuffle

Identifiers

PMID40169841
PMCPMC11962107

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.