Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40169833›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Latent class analysis identifies risk groups to model the expected benefits of SARS-CoV-2 interventions among university students.

Callum R K Arnold, Nita Bharti, Cara Exten, Meg Small, Sreenidhi Srinivasan, Suresh V Kuchipudi, Vivek Kapur, Matthew J Ferrari

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Callum R K ArnoldDepartment of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. contact@callumarnold.com.
Nita BhartiDepartment of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Cara ExtenRoss and Carole Nese College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Meg SmallCollege of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Sreenidhi SrinivasanCenter for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Suresh V KuchipudiDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Vivek KapurCenter for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Matthew J FerrariDepartment of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.

Funding

Penn State Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR002014 · NCATS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · PI KRASCHNEWSKI, JENNIFER L. · 2016 to 2025
$33.7M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-pharmaceutical public health measures (PHMs) were central to pre-vaccination efforts to reduce Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure risk; heterogeneity in adherence placed bounds on their potential effectiveness, and correlation in their adoption makes assessing the impact attributable to an individual PHM difficult. During the Fall 2020 semester, we used a longitudinal cohort design in a university student population to conduct a behavioral survey of intention to adhere to PHMs, paired with an IgG serosurvey to quantify SARS-CoV-2 exposure at the end of the semester. Using latent class analysis on behavioral survey responses, we identified three distinct groups among the 673 students with IgG samples: 256 (38.04%) students were in the most adherent group, intending to follow all guidelines, 306 (46.21%) in the moderately-adherent group, and 111 (15.75%) in the least-adherent group, rarely intending to follow any measure, with adherence negatively correlated with seropositivity of 25.4%, 32.2% and 37.7%, respectively. Moving all individuals in an SIR model into the most adherent group resulted in a 77-96% reduction in seroprevalence, dependent on assumed assortativity. The potential impact of increasing PHM adherence was limited by the substantial exposure risk in the large proportion of students already following all PHMs.

Indexed as

COVID-19StudentsAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GLatent Class AnalysisLongitudinal StudiesMaleSARS-CoV-2UniversitiesYoung AdultImmunoglobulin GApproximate Bayesian ComputationBehavioral surveyIgG serosurveyLatent class analysisSIR model

Identifiers

PMID40169833
PMCPMC11961761

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.