Genome-centric metagenomics reveals uncharacterised microbiomes in Angus cattle.

Understanding the intricate nexus between cattle health and microbiome dynamics holds profound implications for enhancing animal productivity and welfare. However, our understanding of the role of these microbial communities is limited in beef cattle, especially in understudied body sites such as the oral and nasal microbiome. Here, using a genome-centric metagenomics approach, we recovered substantial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the faecal, oral and nasal microbiome of Australian Angus cattle from different herds and life stages. The MAGs recovered from faecal samples were dominated by Bacillota and Bacteroidota, while the MAGs from saliva and nasal mucus samples were mainly associated with Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota and Bacteroidota. Functional annotation of the MAGs revealed enriched pathways involved in the production of some amino acids, nucleic acids and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The metabolic capacities of the MAGs were correlated with their taxonomy, notably at the phylum level. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive catalogue of MAGs to further our understanding of their role in the health and fitness of beef cattle.