Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40169577›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Free-standing bilayer metasurfaces in the visible.

Ahmed H Dorrah, Joon-Suh Park, Alfonso Palmieri, Federico Capasso

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. 2D Co-Mo-Hydroxide-Based Multifunctional Material for the Development of HAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
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  18. Compound meta-optics: there is plenty of room at the top.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ahmed H Dorrah *John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-0035
Joon-Suh Park *John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-5450
Alfonso Palmieri *John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Federico CapassoJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. capasso@seas.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-8249

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) ECCS-2025158United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF Office of Scientific Research) FA9550-21-1-0312United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF Office of Scientific Research) FA9550-22-1-0243United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (ONR) N00014-20-1-2450
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multi-layered meta-optics have enabled complex wavefront shaping beyond their single layer counterpart owing to the additional design variables afforded by each plane. For instance, lossless complex amplitude modulation, generalized polarization transformations, and wide field of view are key attributes that fundamentally require multi-plane wavefront matching. Nevertheless, existing embodiments of bilayer metasurfaces have relied on configurations which suffer from Fresnel reflections, low mode confinement, or undesired resonances which compromise the intended response. Here, we introduce bilayer metasurfaces made of free-standing meta-atoms working in the visible spectrum. We demonstrate their use in wavefront shaping of linearly polarized light using pure geometric phase with diffraction efficiency of 80% - expanding previous literature on Pancharatnam-Berry phase metasurfaces which rely on circularly or elliptically polarized illumination. The fabrication relies on a two-step lithography and selective development processes which yield free standing, bilayer stacked metasurfaces, of 1200 nm total thickness. The metasurfaces comprise TiO

Identifiers

PMID40169577
PMCPMC11961684

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.