Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40169569›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Long COVID after SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy in the United States.

Chengxi Zang, Daniel Guth, Ann M Bruno, Zhenxing Xu, Haoyang Li, Nariman Ammar, Robert Chew, Nick Guthe, Emily Hadley, Rainu Kaushal and 16 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Chengxi Zang *Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. chz4001@med.cornell.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8244-9551
Daniel Guth *Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Ann M Bruno *Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Zhenxing XuDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Haoyang LiDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Nariman AmmarSchool of Information Technology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA.
Robert ChewCenter for Data Science and AI, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-1766
Nick GuthePopulation Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Emily HadleyCenter for Data Science and AI, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-4344
Rainu KaushalDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-2517
Tanzy LoveDepartment of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-0229
Brenda M McGrathResearch Department, OCHIN Inc., Portland, OR, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4208-1059
Rena C PatelSchool of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Elizabeth C SeibertRECOVER Patient, Caregiver, or Community Advocate Representative, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-3965
Yalini SenathirajahDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Sharad Kumar SinghDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Fei WangDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-9461
Mark G WeinerDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5586-9940
Kenneth J WilkinsBiostatistics Program, Office of the Director, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Yiye ZhangDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Torri D MetzDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Elaine HillDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-317X
Thomas W CartonLouisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA.
RECOVER PCORnet EHR Consortia
RECOVER N3C EHR Consortia
RECOVER Pregnancy Consortia

Funding

OTA-21-015A Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Initiative: NYU Langone Health Clinical Science Core, Data Resource Core, and PASC Biorepository CoreOT2HL161847 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GROSS, RACHEL SHARON, HORWITZ, LEORA · 2021 to 2025
$651.0M
Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR) -Identifying correlates of functional immunity in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasmaUL1TR002243 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Paul A. Harris, Wesley H Self · 2017 to 2026
$130.7M
University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001857 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E · 2016 to 2025
$129.3M
UCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1M
Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001872 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI COLLARD, HAROLD R, JACOBY, VANESSA · 2016 to 2025
$112.1M
Project-005UL1TR001445 · NCATS · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI BREDELLA, MIRIAM ANTOINETTE, HOCHMAN, JUDITH S · 2015 to 2025
$103.5M
Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
Phenotypic Diversity in COVID-19UL1TR001878 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI FITZGERALD, GARRET A · 2016 to 2025
$102.4M
Transform Dissemination and Implementation Science in CTSA ProgramsUL1TR002319 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI John K. Amory · 2017 to 2026
$100.0M
Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001873 · NCATS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI REILLY, MUREDACH P · 2016 to 2025
$99.0M
WU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8M
The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science CenterUL1TR002541 · NCATS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI NADLER, LEE MARSHALL · 2018 to 2022
$93.0M
CLC NIH HHS 75N90023D00001Gates Foundation INV-018455NCATS NIH HHS U24 TR002306NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001409NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001412NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001420NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001422NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001425NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001427NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001430NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001433NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001436NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001439NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001442NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001445NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001449NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001450NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001453NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001855NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001857NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001860NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001866NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001872NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001873NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001876NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001878NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001881NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001998NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002001NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002003NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002014NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002240NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002243NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002319NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002366NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002369NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002373NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002377NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002378NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002384NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002389NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002489NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002494NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002529NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002535NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002537NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002538NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002541NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002544NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002548NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002550NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002553NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002556NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002645NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002649NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002733NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002736NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003015NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003017NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003096NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003098NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003107NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003142NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003167NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004528NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004556NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR005121NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92023D00001NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL161847NIDA NIH HHS 75N95021D00001NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA055358NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104938NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104941NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104942NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115371NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115428NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115458NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115516NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115677NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM133807NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH131542ORFDO NIH HHS 75N99023D00001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pregnancy alters immune responses and clinical manifestations of COVID-19, but its impact on Long COVID remains uncertain. This study investigated Long COVID risk in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy compared to reproductive-age females infected outside of pregnancy. A retrospective analysis of two U.S. databases, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) and the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), identified 29,975 pregnant individuals (aged 18-50) with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy from PCORnet and 42,176 from N3C between March 2020 and June 2023. At 180 days after infection, estimated Long COVID risks for those infected during pregnancy were 16.47 per 100 persons (95% CI, 16.00-16.95) in PCORnet using the PCORnet computational phenotype (CP) model and 4.37 per 100 persons (95% CI, 4.18-4.57) in N3C using the N3C CP model. Compared to matched non-pregnant individuals, the adjusted hazard ratios for Long COVID were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.90) in PCORnet and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66-0.74) in N3C. The observed risk factors for Long COVID included Black race/ethnicity, advanced maternal age, first- and second-trimester infection, obesity, and comorbid conditions. While the findings suggest a high incidence of Long COVID among pregnant individuals, their risk was lower than that of matched non-pregnant females.

Indexed as

COVID-19Pregnancy Complications, InfectiousSARS-CoV-2AdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPregnancyRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited StatesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID40169569
PMCPMC11961632

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