ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2025
Sociodemographic Disparities in Exposures to Inorganic Contaminants in United States Public Water Systems.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- How Defining 'Disadvantaged' Shaped Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Drinking Water Funding.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Characteristics of 'early adopters' of water treatment capacity needed to remove PFAS and other emerging contaminants in the United States.Environmental science. Processes & impacts · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaximum contaminant level violations occur more frequently among some public water systems (PWS) serving marginalized communities across the United States. Spatially resolved PWS service area data are now available, allowing for better understanding of relationships between sociodemographic factors and water quality.
objectivesWe examined associations between detection and concentrations of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) and the sociodemographic characteristics of residents served by PWS at two spatial scales: PWS service areas and counties.
methodsWe leveraged data on inorganic contaminants in
resultsPWS serving 5% higher proportions of limited English-speaking households had significantly greater detections of As, Cr, and Se, ranging from 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 1.32] times higher probability of Cr detection to 1.69 (95% CI: 1.58, 1.80) times higher probability of Se detection. Small PWS ( DISCUSSION: PWS service area data help to identify drinking water concerns specific to served communities and reduce issues related to statistical bias at larger spatial scales. Targeted subsidies for water infrastructure in communities served by small PWS would help reduce disparities in exposures to drinking water contaminants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14793.
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Registered trials
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