SynthesisPloS one2025
Colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Biomolecular strategy for designing antibiotic-silver nanoparticles conjugate via nitrate reductase mediated β-lactamase inhibition with molecular docking insights.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe human intestinal tract contains many commensals. However, during an imbalance of the normal microbiota following exposure to antibiotics, extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales emerge. Individuals colonized with these bacteria may develop subsequent infections themselves. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the colonization rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Ethiopia.
methodsThe protocol was registered (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024550137). A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Hinari, to retrieve potential studies. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. The data were extracted from the eligible studies using Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed using STATA version 11. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using I2 test statistics. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. A random-effects model of DerSimonian-Laird method was employed to estimate the outcomes.
resultsA total of 15 studies with 4713 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled colonization rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Ethiopia were 28.5% (95% CI: 16.4-40.5%, I2 = 95.9%, p < 0.001) and 4.4% (95% CI: 0.9-7.9%, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.64), respectively. The majority of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers were E. coli (20.6%, 95% CI: 9.3-31.9%, I2 = 94.4%, p < 0.001), followed by Klebsiella spp. (11.1%, 95% CI: 7.7-14.6%, I2 = 20.2%, p = 0.245). Similarly, the predominant carbapenemase producers were E. coli (2.7%, 95% CI: -1.3-6.7, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.941) and Klebsiella spp. (2.1%, 95% CI: -1.7-5.9%, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.999). Furthermore, the pooled estimate of multidrug resistance among extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers was 71.7% (95% CI: 55.25-88.05%, I2 = 92.9%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Approximately one-quarter of Ethiopians are colonized with ESBL-PE, while about one in 25 is colonized with CPE. These findings were obtained from studies with a moderate-to-low risk of bias. However, the results for ESBL-PE showed significant variability, indicating high heterogeneity among the studies. This colonization may lead to subsequent extraintestinal infections. Therefore, proactive action from all stakeholders is required to combat the unrecognized spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in humans.
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