ArticlePloS one2025
Examining the bacterial diversity including extracellular vesicles in air and soil: implications for human health.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Indoor Microbiome: Sampling, Analysis and Emerging Trends.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Underlying Mechanisms for Growth Promotion by Low-Concentration Single Salt and Alkali Stresses and Growth Inhibition by Combined Salt-Alkali Stress inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Microbial extracellular vesicles in the lung: friends in health, agents in disease.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Expanding Horizons: Next-Generation and Interdisciplinary Advances in the Applications of Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Concern in the Field of Environmental Contamination-Characterization, Impacts, and Response Strategies.Microorganisms · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As the significance of human health continues to rise, the microbiome has shifted its focus from microbial composition to the functional roles it plays. In parallel, interest in ultrafine particles associated with clinically important impact has been increasing. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), involved in systemic microbiome activity, are nano-sized spherical vesicles (20 - 100 nm in diameter) containing DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. They are known to be absorbed into the body potentially through air and soil, circulate in the blood, and directly impact diseases by affecting organs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the biodiversity of bacteria and BEVs and predicted functional pathways. We sampled air and soil samples in Seoul, Korea and analyzed metagenomics based on 16S rRNA sequencing. At the phylum levels, Firmicutes in BEVs from soil and air were significantly higher than in bacteria, and Acidobacteria in both bacteria and BEVs from soil were significantly higher than from air (p < 0.05). The most dominant genera were Pseudomonas in bacteria from air and soil; and Escherichia-Shigella in BEVs from air and soil. In addition, Two-component system (ko02020) and ATP-binding cassette transporters (ko02010) were dominant functional pathways in both air and soil. The most functional pathways and orthologous groups were significantly different between air and soil (p < 0.05). In conclusion, human health can be affected differently depending on type of environment. Future study is necessary to have a better understanding of human health effects from environmental microbiota.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.