ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025
Deep Corneal Nerve Plexus Selective Damage in Persistent Neurotrophic Corneal Epithelial Defects Detected by In Vivo Multiphoton Confocal Microscopy.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Panoramic Two-Photon Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of the Corneal Sub-Basal Nerve Plexus.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Corneal Innervation Research at a Crossroads: A Tool-Driven Roadmap for the Future.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Immune cell dynamics and cytokine regulation in cornea and transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the corneal nerve damage in neurotrophic corneal persistent epithelial defects by an in vivo imaging system using in vivo multiphoton confocal microscopy (MCM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP):GFP Tg mice. Methods: Corneal epithelium was scraped, followed by administering a single dose of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) to develop a neurotrophic persistent epithelial defect. The defect was imaged with fluorescein staining for up to 24 hours, and wound closure percentage (%, WCP) was calculated. CGRP:GFP Tg mice were used in combination with in vivo MCM to acquire in vivo images of corneal nerve before and 24 hours after the creation of a corneal epithelial defect. GFP signals from CGRP-positive nerves were reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) images, and nerve volume was analyzed. Additionally, corneal mechanosensation was evaluated using Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry. Results: BAK-treated eyes showed a significant delay in WCP at 24 hours. In CGRP:GFP Tg mice, CGRP-positive nerves were successfully captured by in vivo MCM and reconstructed into 3D images. BAK-treated eyes showed a significant decrease in both stromal nerve volume and corneal mechanosensation compared to no BAK eyes at 24 hours after corneal scraping, suggesting that BAK impaired the stromal nerves in both structural and functional asides. Conclusions: Our in vivo corneal nerve imaging system using the combination of in vivo MCM and CGRP:GFP Tg mice demonstrated a longitudinal observation of murine corneal nerves. This system revealed that corneal stromal nerves were selectively damaged in persistent neurotrophic corneal epithelial defects and offered outstanding potential for various applications.
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Registered trials
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