ArticleThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2025
Association of relapse with all-cause mortality in adult patients with stable schizophrenia.
Article in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Translating Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics into Clinical Decision-Making: A Practical Guide to the Use of Risperidone ISMJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Using Passive Sensing to Predict Psychosis Relapse: An In-Depth Qualitative Study Exploring Perspectives of People With Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Clozapine treatment in the early stages of schizophrenia.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Views of People With Psychosis About Algorithm-Based Relapse Prediction and Data Sharing: Qualitative Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Clinical Practice Recommendations for Switching from Once-Monthly to Longer-Interval Paliperidone Palmitate Injectable in Schizophrenia Patients: A Modified Delphi Study in China.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- The Use of Long-Acting Injectables for People with Schizophrenia: Consensus Panel Recommendations for Overcoming Barriers and Implementing Treatment.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Long-acting injectable antipsychotics for patients with first-episode and early-phase schizophrenia: still not considered often enough.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSchizophrenia shortens the average lifespan by an estimated 15 years. This retrospective study evaluated whether relapse independently increases all-cause mortality risk in patients with stable schizophrenia.
methodsEligible adults had ≥2 outpatient claims on separate dates or ≥1 inpatient claim with a schizophrenia diagnosis code, had ≥12 months of continuous pre-index enrollment without a relapse, and received ≥1 antipsychotic medication during the baseline period. Occurrence and number of inpatient and non-inpatient relapses and all-cause mortality were evaluated during follow-up. A marginal structural model adjusting for both baseline and time-varying confounding was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.
resultsMean age at index of the 32 071 patients included in the analysis was 57.6 (SD, 15.3) years; 51.0% of patients were male and 55.4% were White. During a mean follow-up of 40 (range, 1-127) months, 3974 (12.4%) patients died. Of the 9170 (28.6%) patients with relapse(s) during follow-up, most experienced 1 (53.4%) or 2 (20.0%) relapses. After adjustment for covariates, the HR for all-cause mortality was significantly higher for patients with 1 relapse vs no relapses (1.20 [95% CI, 1.14-1.26]). For the first 5 relapses, each subsequent relapse increased all-cause mortality hazard by approximately 20%. Estimated 5-year survival was 78% in patients with 1 relapse and 58% in patients with 10 relapses.
conclusionsThe observed increase in all-cause mortality associated with schizophrenia relapse underscores the need for heightened attention to relapse prevention, including greater utilization of effective treatment strategies early in the course of disease.
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