Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40168082›Full record

ReviewAmerican journal of hypertension2025

Racial and Gender Discrimination When Tailoring Medical Management to Hypertension Treatment in Latin America.

Luis Alcocer, Ernesto L Schiffrin, Gregory Fink, Mariela M Gironacci, María Claudia Irigoyen, Ana C Palei, Minolfa Prieto, Henry Punzi, Dora Inés Molina de Salazar, Carlos I Ponte-Negretti and 8 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in American journal of hypertension, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Luis AlcocerInstituto Mexicano de Salud Cardiovascular, Ciudad de México, México.ORCID 0000-0003-1657-1695
Ernesto L SchiffrinDepartment of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4502-2823
Gregory FinkDepartment of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Mariela M GironacciDepartment of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0002-8189-0388
María Claudia IrigoyenLaboratório de Análises Clínicas, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-2097-3662
Ana C PaleiDepartment of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2669-5301
Minolfa PrietoDepartment of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0199-3193
Henry PunziPunzi Medical Center, Carrollton, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4766-1565
Dora Inés Molina de SalazarFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.ORCID 0000-0002-8006-915X
Carlos I Ponte-NegrettiCaribbean Cardiologic Unit, Venezuelan Foundation of Preventive Cardiology, Caracas, Venezuela.ORCID 0000-0003-4864-1088
Jose OrtelladoAdministration, Universidad Católica de Asunción, Universidad Uninorte, Asunción, Paraguay.ORCID 0000-0003-0377-6771
Ernesto PeñaherreraDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital Luis Vernaza, Guayaquil, Ecuador.ORCID 0000-0001-8975-2898
Daniel PiskorzRosario British Sanatorio, Rosario, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0002-8615-5446
Martin RosasDepartment of Clinical Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México City, México.ORCID 0000-0001-8084-8981
Osiris ValdezClinical Cardiology, Centro de Especialidades Médicas Romana (Cemer Clinic), La Romana, República Dominicana.ORCID 0000-0002-9947-7487
Raúl VillarInternal Medicine-Diabetology, IntegraMédica La Serena, Coquimbo, Chile.ORCID 0000-0001-5684-4032
Fernando WyssUnidad de Cardiologia, Cardiovascular Services and Technology of Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.ORCID 0000-0003-1700-4692
Carlos M FerrarioDepartment of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0792-6239

Funding

Vaso-Hormonal Mechanisms in HypertensionP01HL051952 · NHLBI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI FERRARIO, CARLOS M · 1994 to 2019
$34.8M
Angiotensin (1-12) and Hypertension in the ElderlyR21AG070371 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI FERRARIO, CARLOS M · 2021 to 2022
$426k
Aging Institute 1 R21 AG070371-01NHLBI NIH HHS HL-051952NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL051952NIA NIH HHS R21 AG070371The Inter-American Society of Hypertension
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Discrimination in cardiovascular healthcare, particularly concerning hypertension treatment, is a significant and complex issue in Latin America, driven by biases related to gender, ethnicity, and economic status. Although cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, disparities in healthcare delivery endure, especially impacting marginalized populations. Women, ethnic minorities, and economically disadvantaged groups encounter considerable barriers, including underrepresentation in clinical research, delayed diagnoses, and unequal access to guideline-recommended treatments. Economic disparities maintain a divided healthcare system in which the quality of treatment often directly correlates with socioeconomic status, reinforcing inequities and adversely affecting health outcomes in lower-income communities. Ethnic discrimination, stemming from deeply ingrained social biases, leads to inadequate care and limited access to advanced medical technologies, disproportionately impacting indigenous and Afro-descendant populations. Addressing these systemic inequities requires comprehensive strategies that ensure equitable participation in clinical trials, develop tailored public health policies sensitive to socioeconomic and cultural contexts, and implement targeted educational initiatives. Healthcare systems must actively dismantle entrenched biases, improve access for economically disadvantaged communities, and guarantee that ethnic minorities receive treatment of equal quality. The Inter-American Society of Hypertension emphasizes that removing these discriminatory barriers reduces the burden of cardiovascular disease and enhances overall health outcomes across Latin America. This document endorses consensus recommendations detailed in positions 1 through 4, which tackle specific challenges related to personalized care, racial biases in treatment algorithms, socioeconomic healthcare inequalities, and gender disparities in hypertension management.

Indexed as

Antihypertensive AgentsHealthcare DisparitiesHypertensionRacismSexismFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansLatin AmericaMaleSex FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsAntihypertensive Agentsblood pressurecardiovascular diseasehealth carehypertensionLatin Americastrokewomen’s health

Identifiers

PMID40168082
PMCPMC12448584

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.