ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025
The effect of expectancy on conditioned pain modulation: evidence from functional near-infrared spectroscopy.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Conditioned pain modulation, cortical imbalance, and arthrogenic muscle inhibition: an integrative model with implications for exercise in chronic pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background and objective: The psychological mechanisms that make Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) an effective non-pharmacological intervention are still not fully understood. Expectancy is believed to be a critical psychological factor affecting CPM effects, but its specific role has yet to be fully clarified. This study aims to explore the relationship between expectancy and CPM while providing physiological evidence using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Method: A standardized CPM induction paradigm was implemented, with verbal guidance used to induce expectancy. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) assessed the intensity of the test stimulus (TS), while an 11-point scale evaluated participants' attentional focus on the TS and the effect of expectancy. fNIRS was employed to monitor changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity. Results: Expectancy significantly amplified the CPM effect ( Conclusion: Expectancy represents a key psychological mechanism underlying the CPM effect, potentially modulating its magnitude through attention regulation and accompanied by a reduction in oxygenated hemoglobin activity in the frontal pole region and introduced the Expectancy-Attention-CPM Modulation Model (ECAM).
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