ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2025
Health outcomes and their association with weight regain after substantial weight loss in Sweden: a prospective cohort study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between bariatric surgery and long-term ability to perform household tasks in the Swedish Obese Subjects study: a controlled prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Weight regain after obesity treatment: mechanisms, predictors, and real-world evidence from the IGOBE program.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Association Between Early Weight Loss and One-Year Weight Regain After Lifestyle-Based Obesity Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Early Adjuvant Treatment with Semaglutide After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with Class II-III Obesity: A Prospective Non-Randomized Controlled Study.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Mortality associated biological age improves independently of weight loss after bariatric surgery.npj aging · 2026Article
- Metabolic Outcomes and Recurrent Weight Gain 10 Years After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, a Longitudinal Cohort Study.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Management of obesity in advanced chronic liver disease.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Review
- Recurrent Weight Gain after Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (MBS): Emerging Insights on Kidney Function.Obesity surgery · 2026Review
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Sex Differences in Metabolic Regulation.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- The effect of weight change on death and cardiovascular events after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.The British journal of surgery · 2025Article
- Integrative Strategies in Primary Care: Addressing Recurrent Weight Gain Post-Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.Obesity science & practice · 2025Review
- Pharmacotherapy for Obesity: Recent Updates.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The clinical implications of weight regain following weight loss remain uncertain. We analysed mortality, cardiovascular events, cancer, and microvascular disease in individuals with significant weight loss, comparing maintainers to regainers. Methods: Using a prospective cohort design, we analysed 1346 participants who underwent bariatric surgery in the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, aged 37-60 years with BMI ≥34 (men) or ≥38 (women), recruited 1987-2001. Individuals who regained ≥20% of their 1-year weight loss after 4 years (regain group) were compared to those who regained less (maintenance group). The study was closed on December 31, 2020 with median follow-up of 27 years and 99.9% mortality tracking (ClinicalTrials.govNCT01479452). Findings: Average weight loss after 1 year was 29.3 ± 11.7 kg and 31.9 ± 13.8 kg and average weight change from year 1 to year 4 was +12.7 ± 6.6 kg and -0.6 ± 7.3 kg in the regain and maintenance groups, respectively. During follow-up, regain and maintenance groups showed similar rates of total mortality and cancer, 12.4 (95% CI: 10.9-14.2) vs 12.4 (10.7-14.3), p = 0.740, and 11.3 (95% CI: 9.7-13.0) vs 10.4 (8.8-12.2) per 1000 person-years (p = 0.308), respectively. The regain group had, however, higher incidence of microvascular disease, 11.0 (95% CI: 9.5-12.8) vs 8.7 (7.3-10.4) per 1000 person-years (p = 0.024), and while not statistically significant, also higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure) 15.7 (95% CI: 13.8-17.8) vs 13.0 (11.2-15.1) per 1000 person-years (p = 0.055). Interpretation: Weight regain was linked to increased vascular disease risk but we could not demonstrate an association with life expectancy. Funding: The Swedish Research Council, the Swedish State under the agreement between the Swedish Government and the county councils, the Health & Medical Care Committee of the Region Västra Götaland, the Adlerbert Research Foundation, the Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation, the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg, Academy of Finland, Finnish Medical Foundation, Gyllenberg Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, Paulo Foundation and Sigrid Juselius Foundation.
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