Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40166324›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025

Maternal and child immune profiles are associated with neurometabolite measures of early-life neuroinflammation in children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected: a South African birth cohort.

Cesc Bertran-Cobo, Frances C Robertson, Tusekile Sarah Kangwa, Jenna Annandale, Sivenesi Subramoney, Katherine L Narr, Shantanu H Joshi, Nadia Hoffman, Heather J Zar, Dan J Stein and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Cesc Bertran-CoboDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-9286-9595
Frances C RobertsonNeuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Tusekile Sarah KangwaDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-2638-6725
Jenna AnnandaleDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-9345-9309
Sivenesi SubramoneyDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-8947-439X
Katherine L NarrDepartments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9396-7936
Shantanu H JoshiDepartments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1287-7005
Nadia HoffmanDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-7269-1416
Heather J ZarDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-9046-759X
Dan J SteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-7022-1106
Kirsten A DonaldNeuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-0276-9660
Catherine J WedderburnNeuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-4887-1644
Petrus J W NaudéDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-0520-3475

Funding

Cross-Cultural Assessment of FASDU24AA014811 · NIAAA · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI EDWARD P RILEY · 2003 to 2026
$13.1M
The nasopharyngeal microbiome and respiratory disease in African childrenU01AI110466 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI NICOL, MARK PATRICK, ZAR, HEATHER JOY · 2013 to 2016
$1.4M
A neuroimaging study of 2 year old children with alcohol exposure compared to healthy unexposed controls embedded in a birth cohort studyR21AA023887 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI DONALD, KIRSTY · 2016 to 2017
$280k
NIAAA NIH HHS R21 AA023887NIAAA NIH HHS U24 AA014811NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI110466Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected (HEU) are at risk of neurodevelopmental delays, which may be partially due to maternal immune dysregulation during pregnancy. This study investigates associations between maternal and child immune profiles and early neurometabolite profiles in HEU and HIV-unexposed (HU) children from a South African birth cohort. A subgroup of 156 children (66 HEU, 90 HU) from the Drakenstein Child Health Study underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy at age 2-3 years, and maternal and child serum markers were measured at multiple timepoints via immunoassays. In HEU children, serum concentrations of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-5 (β=0.79, p=0.005) and IL-8 (β=0.64, p=0.02) were associated with myo-inositol ratios in parietal grey and white matter regions, respectively, while child serum MMP-9 at two years was associated with myo-inositol ratios in the midline parietal grey matter (β=1.30, p=0.03). The association of maternal anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 with glutamate ratios in the midline parietal grey matter was negative in HEU (β=-0.41, p=0.038) and positive in HU children (β=0.42, p<0.0001). These findings suggest maternal immune activation may affect neurometabolite profiles in HEU children.

Indexed as

brain developmentHIV exposureimmune markerinflammationmagnetic resonance spectroscopymaternal immune activation

Identifiers

PMID40166324
PMCPMC11957058

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.