ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025
Soleus H-reflex size versus stimulation rate in the presence of background muscle activity: A methodological study.
Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05880251 (Operant Conditioning of Sensory Evoked Potentials to Reduce Phantom Limb Pain), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Operant Conditioning of Sensory Evoked Potentials to Reduce Phantom Limb Pain
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Updated by
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Hoffmann reflex (HR) operant conditioning has emerged as an important intervention in neurorehabilitation. During conditioning, the HR is elicited at low rates (∼0.2 Hz) to avoid the initial reduction in HR size that can occur over repeated stimulation, i.e., rate-dependent depression (RDD), thereby maintaining reflex size. This study investigated the impact of higher stimulation rates on HR size, where a stable, low-level, background electromyographic (EMG) signal is maintained over 225 conditioning trials in each of 30 sessions. A higher rate could shorten session length and/or number. Methods: Fifteen healthy participants maintained low background soleus EMG (5-18 µV, ∼1-3% of the maximum stimulation evoked direct muscle (M-wave) EMG response (M Results: There was no evidence of RDD at higher stimulation rates. In addition, the mean HR over trials was reliable across participants and rates. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was 0.965 (95%CI:0.915, 0.987). Discussion: This study shows that H-reflex conditioning might be performed at rates up to 2 Hz with no RDD and with consistent HR values. A faster rate could increase the number of conditioning trials per session, reduce session duration, and/or reduce the number of sessions. It could thereby accelerate the conditioning process and make the process less demanding for participants. Support: NIH Grant P41 EB018783 (Wolpaw), NYS Spinal Cord Injury Research Board C37714GG (Gupta) and C38338GG (Wolpaw), VA SPiRE NCT05880251 (Brangaccio), Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.