ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
An updated review on immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune-Mediated Colitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Pathophysiology, Clinical Management, and the Emerging Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Refractory Immune-Mediated Colitis: Case Series and Review of the Literature.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis (irColitis) is a common and severe adverse reaction to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), significantly impacting the treatment outcomes and quality of life of cancer patients. Epidemiological studies indicate that the incidence of irColitis is associated with factors such as the type of ICIs, the patient's gender, age, and medical history. Although the exact pathophysiology remains unclear, irColitis is thought to be related to immune system activation and dysregulation, gut microbiota imbalance, and impaired epithelial barrier function. This review summarized the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and pathogenesis of irColitis. Additionally, the standard and novel therapeutic strategies of irColitis, including corticosteroids, biologics, and gut microbiota interventions, more importantly the potential and application of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Future researches call for deeper mechanistic investigations, the development of biomarkers, and reveal the integration of TCM therapies within individual immunotherapy frameworks.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.