ArticleCardio-oncology (London, England)2025
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and myocarditis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide cohort study.
Article in Cardio-oncology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A narrative review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity in lung cancer: mechanisms, risk stratification, and clinical management.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Screened But Unproven: Reconsidering Routine Troponin Monitoring in ICI Therapy.JACC. CardioOncology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and myocarditis: Lessons from a nationwide cohort study.Oncoscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEvidence suggests immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) can increase the risk of myocarditis. We investigated it in a large national cohort in China.
methodsPatients with stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using data from China's National Anti-Tumor Drug Surveillance System between January 2013 and December 2021. Exposure density sampling was applied to control for immortal time bias. Multivariate Cox regression with time-dependent exposures was used to examine the association between ICI therapy and the incidence of myocarditis while controlling for confounders.
results55,219 patients were included. The median age was 61 years, and 62% were males. At one-year follow-up (median 335 days), there were 26 cases of myocarditis among ICI users and 28 cases among ICI non-users (a cumulative incidence of 4.8 and 0.6 per 1000 person-years respectively). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of myocarditis for ICI users was 7.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.29-16.67). For programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor users the HR was 8.39 (95% CI: 3.56-19.77). No significant interactions were observed in subgroup analysis. The results remained unchanged in sensitivity analyses.
conclusionsThis study showed that ICI therapy considerably increased the risk of myocarditis, supporting the need for closer monitoring of patients receiving ICI therapies.
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