Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40165273›Full record

SynthesisJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2025

Virtual and augmented reality for anxiety reduction in orthopedic patients and providers: a systematic review.

Negarsadat Namazi, Yashar Khani, Amirhossein Salmannezhad, Mohammad Behdadfard, Ehsan Safaee, Mohammad Nouroozi, Amir Mehrvar

Erratum issuedAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Negarsadat NamaziStudent Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Yashar KhaniStudent Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Amirhossein SalmannezhadStudent Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Mohammad BehdadfardStudent Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Ehsan SafaeeStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad NourooziStudent Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Amir MehrvarClinical Research Development Units, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Taleghani Street, Valenjak, Tehran, Iran. drmehrvar@sbmu.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2275

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnxiety impacts patients and healthcare providers during orthopedic procedures, yet virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) effectiveness remains inconsistently reported, lacking systematic synthesis in this setting. This review addresses this gap.

methodsPer PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42024553394), we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase in March 2024 for studies on VR/AR/mixed reality (MR) interventions for anxiety in orthopedic procedures. Data were narratively synthesized; bias assessed via RoB-2 and ROBINS-I.

resultsTwenty-four studies (16 RCTs, 8 cohort, n = 1714) showed VR (22 studies) and AR (2 studies) significantly reduced anxiety across procedure phases, notably in pediatrics. Healthcare providers (HCPs) reported lower anxiety and higher confidence with VR. Satisfaction rose, anesthetic use dropped, though inconsistent tools and methods limited comparisons.

conclusionVR/AR reduce pediatric anxiety in orthopedics, with less conclusive adult/HCP benefits. Clinicians could adopt preoperative VR. Research needs standardized tools and adult-focused RCTs.

Indexed as

AnxietyAugmented RealityHealth PersonnelOrthopedic ProceduresVirtual RealityHumansAnxietyAugmented realityCastingFearOrthopedic surgeryPediatricPin removingVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID40165273
PMCPMC11959934

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.