ArticleArthritis research & therapy2025
Clinical and immunological biomarkers can identify proliferative changes and predict renal flares in lupus nephritis.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Correlation Between Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Disease Activity of Lupus Nephritis in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Circulating long non-coding RNAs as diagnostic markers of lupus nephritis and 5-year follow-up disease flares.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Autoantibody repertoire in lupus nephritis: from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical integration for precision decision-making.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mapping organ-associated autoantigenic landscapes in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Differential complement pathways and components in the clinical spectrum of systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Not So Benign: Revisiting Pure Membranous Lupus Nephritis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Diagnostic utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters in classifying lupus nephritis.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Infectious Complications and Prognostic Factors of Mortality in Patients with Lupus Nephritis Admitted to Intensive Care Units.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Biomarkers in Lupus Nephritis: An Evidence-Based Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Diagnostic and Pathogenic Insights.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKidney involvement is frequent in SLE, with proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) forms and nephritic flares being key predictors of poor outcomes. Conflicting results have been reported for anti-C1q antibodies among the serological markers. Our purpose was to assess the value of immunological tests (C3,C4 complement fractions, anti-DNA and antiC1q antibodies) in predicting histological classes and flares of lupus nephritis (LN).
methodsFor histological class prediction, we evaluated the immunological tests performed on the day of kidney biopsy by linear and multiple regression analyses. For flare prediction, univariable and multivariable Cox analyses were made at baseline, 6, and 12 months.
resultsOf 61 participants in the study, 47 had proliferative (III, IV) and 14 non-proliferative LN (II, V) at kidney biopsy. In proliferative LN, anti-DNA (p = 0.0186) and anti-C1q antibodies (Ab) (p = 0.0050) were significantly higher, and serum C3 and C4 lower (p = 0.0026; p = 0.0212) compared to non-proliferative LN. At multiple regression analysis, the best association to differentiate proliferative from non-proliferative LN was the number of urinary erythrocytes (OR 3.2292; CI 1.2585-8.2858; p = 0.0148) and anti-C1qAb (OR 1.0288; CI 1.0016-1.0568; p = 0.0380). Of 53 patients evaluated for flare predictions, followed for 60.69 (37.20-78.704) months, 10 (18.86%) had a renal flare at 28.19 months (24.84-39.38, range:16.3-55.8) from therapy initiation. At univariable analysis, anti-C1qAb (p = 0.0340, p = 0.0005) and no-use hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.0313, p = 0.0276) predicted flares at baseline and six months. Anti-C1qAb (p = 0.0047), non-use hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.0252), anti-C1qAb ≥ 40UA (p = 0.0047), 24/h proteinuria (p = 0.0185), and proteinuria ≥ 0.5 g/day (p = 0.0216) predicted flares at 12 months. At multivariable analysis, anti-C1q > 40UA (OR 9.0721; CI 0.9146-42.9882; p = 0.0057) and non-use of hydroxychloroquine (OR 0.1742 CI 0.0445-0.6823; p = 0.0126) were the independent predictors of renal flares.
conclusionImmunological tests can differentiate proliferative from non-proliferative LN, but anti-C1qAb and urinary erythrocytes had the best predictive power. Only persistent high anti-C1qAb at 1 year and non-use of hydroxychloroquine seem to predict renal flares.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.