Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40165241›Full record

ArticleJournal of translational medicine2025

A novel approach for the co-delivery of 5-fluorouracil and everolimus for breast cancer combination therapy: stimuli-responsive chitosan hydrogel embedded with mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

Pooria Mohammadi Arvejeh, Fatemeh Amini Chermahini, Francesco Marincola, Fatemeh Taheri, Seyed Abbas Mirzaei, Akram Alizadeh, Fatemeh Deris, Raziyeh Jafari, Niloufar Amiri, Amin Soltani and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. TiONanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Stimuli-responsive bioengineered platforms for precision cancer therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Pooria Mohammadi ArvejehCellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Fatemeh Amini ChermahiniCellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Francesco MarincolaTranslational and Advanced Medicine (TAM) Biosciences, Nashville, TN, USA.
Fatemeh TaheriDepartment of Pathology, Hematology & Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Seyed Abbas MirzaeiCellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Akram AlizadehDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Fatemeh DerisDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Raziyeh JafariStudent Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Niloufar AmiriStudent Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Amin SoltaniCellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Elham BijadMedical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Ebrahim Soleiman DehkordiMedical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Pegah KhosravianMedical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. khosravian.p@skums.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4802-8534

Funding

Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 3835Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 5272Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 5523Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 5536
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBreast cancer remains one of the leading causes of death among women globally, with traditional therapies often limited by challenges such as drug resistance and significant side effects. Combination therapies, coupled with nanotechnology-based co-delivery systems, offer enhanced efficacy by targeting multiple pathways in cancer progression. In this study, we developed an injectable, stimuli-responsive nanosystem using a chitosan hydrogel embedded with mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the co-administration of 5-fluorouracil and everolimus. This approach aims to optimize controlled drug release, enhance the synergistic anticancer effect, and overcome challenges associated with co-loading different therapeutic agents.

methodsVarious techniques were employed to characterize the nanoparticles and the hydrogel. Cell uptake, apoptosis, and proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and Resazurin assay, respectively. The Balb/C mice model of breast cancer, which received the therapeutical nanoplatforms subcutaneously near the tumoral region was used to examine tumor size and lung metastases.

resultsThe results revealed that the nanoparticles had a suitable loading capacity and high cellular uptake. The drug release was pH-sensitive and synergistic. By incorporating nanoparticles into the hydrogel, the cell death rate and apoptosis of 4T1 breast cancer cells increased significantly, due to the synergistic effects of co-delivered drugs. Additionally, the combination treatment groups showed a significant reduction in tumor size and lung metastasis compared to the monotherapy and control groups.

conclusionsThese findings underscore the potential of the nanocomposite used to develop a novel co-delivery system to enhance therapeutic outcomes, reduce side effects, and provide a promising new strategy for future cancer treatments.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsBreast NeoplasmsChitosanDrug Delivery SystemsEverolimusFluorouracilHydrogelsNanoparticlesSilicon DioxideAnimalsApoptosisCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationDrug LiberationFemaleHumansChitosanEverolimusFluorouracilHydrogelsSilicon DioxideBreast neoplasmDrug deliveryHydrogelsMesoporesNanocompositeSynergism

Identifiers

PMID40165241
PMCPMC11956229

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.