Observational studyCritical care (London, England)2025
Incidence and risk factors of weaning-induced pulmonary oedema: results from a multicentre, observational study.
Observational study in Critical care (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05318261 (Incidence of Weaning-induced Pulmonary Oedema), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Incidence of Weaning-induced Pulmonary Oedema (The WIPO Study)
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Physiological comparison of high-flow oxygen via endotracheal tube and T-piece strategies during spontaneous breathing trials: a randomized crossover study.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Integrated comprehensive assessment for predicting weaning success in difficult-to-wean critically ill patients: the WEAN-US study.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Modified Venous Excess Ultrasound (mVExUS) in the Prediction of Ventilator Weaning Failure: a Cohort Study.POCUS journal · 2026Article
- Heart-lungs interactions in mechanically ventilated patients: physiology and clinical implications.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of two ventilator-weaning methods on lung volume and ventilation distribution by electrical impedance tomography in post-cardiac surgery patients: a prospective cohort study.Journal of intensive care · 2026Article
- What should be done with PEEP during weaning from mechanical ventilation?Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Construction of a nomogram to predict weaning-induced pulmonary edema in mechanically ventilated patients with cardiogenic respiratory failure.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring the weaning process, the transition from positive to negative pressure ventilation may induce cardiac dysfunction, which may lead to pulmonary oedema. The incidence of weaning-induced pulmonary oedema (WIPO) is poorly documented and shows huge variations. Our study aims to investigate the incidence and risk factors for WIPO during weaning from mechanical ventilation in general critically ill patients.
methodsThis multicentre study was conducted in France, Italy, and India. Adult critically ill patients receiving invasive ventilation were included once a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) was performed. The SBT technique could be either T-piece or pressure support mode with (PSV-PEEP) or without positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) (PSV-ZEEP). A consensual diagnosis of WIPO was made a posteriori by five experts who analysed changes observed during the SBT that were retrospectively recorded.
resultsFrom July 2019 to February 2021, 634 SBTs were performed in 500 patients from 13 ICUs. Weaning success occurred in 417 patients (66%) and weaning failure in 217 (34%). Weaning was short in 414 (83%) of SBTs, difficult in 47 (9%) SBTs, and prolonged in 39 (8%) SBTs. WIPO was diagnosed in 79 (12%) cases, which accounted for 36% of the 217 weaning failures. WIPO occurred in 54/358 (15%) of T-piece SBT, in 7/84 (8%) of PSV-PEEP SBT (p = 0.072 vs. T-piece), and in 18/192 (9%) of PSV-ZEEP SBT (p = 0.002 vs. T-piece). In multilevel logistic regression analysis including 202 weaning failures from 149 different patients, COPD, and previous cardiomyopathy were identified as independent risk factors associated with WIPO.
conclusionIn general ICU patients, WIPO accounts for 36% of weaning failure cases. Previous heart disease and COPD are two independent risk factors for developing WIPO during the weaning process. CLINICALTRIALS: gov identifier (retrospectively registered on 2022-03-31): NCT05318261.
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