Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40165032›Full record

ArticleJournal of internal medicine2025

Simple step counting captures comparable health information to complex accelerometer measurements.

Jonatan Fridolfsson, Anders Raustorp, Mats Börjesson, Elin Ekblom-Bak, Örjan Ekblom, Daniel Arvidsson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jonatan FridolfssonCenter for Lifestyle Intervention, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden/Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7003-4025
Anders RaustorpCenter for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Mats BörjessonCenter for Lifestyle Intervention, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden/Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Elin Ekblom-BakSection for Health Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Health, the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
Örjan EkblomSection for Health Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Health, the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
Daniel ArvidssonCenter for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3112-5434

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPhysical activity guidelines recommend accumulating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity but interpreting and monitoring these recommendations remains challenging. Although step-based metrics from wearable devices offer a simpler approach, their relationship with health outcomes requires validation against established accelerometer measurements.

objectivesTo evaluate how effectively step-based metrics capture health-related information from accelerometer data and determine optimal step cadence and intensity thresholds associated with cardiometabolic health in middle-aged adults.

methodsCross-sectional data from 4172 participants (aged 50-64 years) in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) were analyzed. Physical activity was measured using ActiGraph accelerometers, collecting both step metrics (daily steps and cadence) and full accelerometer data. Both cardiorespiratory fitness, estimated using a submaximal cycle ergometer test, and cardiometabolic health, assessed using a composite score of waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were considered outcomes. Associations between physical activity and outcomes were examined using linear regression and partial least squares analysis.

resultsStep counting metrics retained 88% of the health-related information from full accelerometer data. The optimal accelerometer intensity associated with cardiometabolic health was around four metabolic equivalents of tasks (METs). A step cadence of 80 steps/min, rather than the commonly used 100 steps/min, appeared more relevant for capturing moderate-intensity activity. Combining step and accelerometer data provided additional explanatory power for cardiometabolic health.

conclusionStep data capture most of the health-related information from accelerometer-measured physical activity in middle-aged adults. These findings support the use of step-based metrics for assessing and promoting physical activity while suggesting a need for recalibration of intensity thresholds in free-living conditions.

Indexed as

AccelerometryExerciseWalkingCardiorespiratory FitnessCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSwedenaccelerometrycardiometabolic risk factorscardiorespiratory fitnesscardiovascular diseasepedometryphysical activitypublic health

Identifiers

PMID40165032
PMCPMC12032995

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.