Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40164964›Full record

ReviewInternational endodontic journal2026

Artificial intelligence chatbots in endodontic education-Concepts and potential applications.

Hossein Mohammad-Rahimi, Frank C Setzer, Anita Aminoshariae, Paul Michael Howell Dummer, Henry F Duncan, Ali Nosrat

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International endodontic journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. [Development and psychometric validation of the User Experience Scale for Artificial Intelligence QuestionZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026
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  10. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hossein Mohammad-RahimiDepartment of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-5926
Frank C SetzerDepartment of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0834-1398
Anita AminoshariaeDepartment of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8399-9988
Paul Michael Howell DummerSchool of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0726-7467
Henry F DuncanDivision of Restorative Dentistry, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8690-2379
Ali NosratDepartment of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-9717

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education is transforming learning across various domains, including dentistry. Endodontic education can significantly benefit from AI chatbots; however, knowledge gaps regarding their potential and limitations hinder their effective utilization. This narrative review aims to: (A) explain the core functionalities of AI chatbots, including their reliance on natural language processing (NLP), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL); (B) explore their applications in endodontic education for personalized learning, interactive training, and clinical decision support; (C) discuss the challenges posed by technical limitations, ethical considerations, and the potential for misinformation. The review highlights that AI chatbots provide learners with immediate access to knowledge, personalized educational experiences, and tools for developing clinical reasoning through case-based learning. Educators benefit from streamlined curriculum development, automated assessment creation, and evidence-based resource integration. Despite these advantages, concerns such as chatbot hallucinations, algorithmic biases, potential for plagiarism, and the spread of misinformation require careful consideration. Analysis of current research reveals limited endodontic-specific studies, emphasizing the need for tailored chatbot solutions validated for accuracy and relevance. Successful integration will require collaborative efforts among educators, developers, and professional organizations to address challenges, ensure ethical use, and establish evaluation frameworks.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceEducation, DentalEndodonticsCurriculumDeep LearningGenerative Artificial IntelligenceHumansMachine LearningNatural Language Processingartificial intelligencechatboteducationendodontics

Identifiers

PMID40164964
PMCPMC13158548

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.