Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40164791›Full record

ArticleJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2025

Ovulatory cycle frozen embryo transfer yields similar pregnancy outcomes to programmed transfer while avoiding painful injections.

Katie White, Jessica Cheung, Prachi Godiwala, Reeva Makhijani, Allison Bartolucci, Claudio Benadiva, Lawrence Engmann, Daniel Grow

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Katie WhiteDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trinity Health of New England, Hartford, CT, USA.
Jessica CheungDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Prachi GodiwalaDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Reeva MakhijaniDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Allison BartolucciDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Claudio BenadivaDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Lawrence EngmannDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Daniel GrowDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA. grow@uchc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-0351

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeOptimal endometrial preparation is essential for the transfer of a euploid embryo. Recent works have shown advantages of ovulatory cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer (Ovu-FET) for simplicity, implantation rate, and reduction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; however, few women over age 40 years were included in these studies. This study compared pregnancy outcomes in patients aged 40-45 years between Ovu-FET and programmed cycle FET (PC-FET).

methodsRetrospective cohort study in a university-affiliated fertility center. Two hundred eighty-seven FET cycles with euploid embryo transfer between 2015 and 2022 were included, with 116 cycles utilizing the PC-FET and 171 the Ovu-FET protocol. The use of letrozole was permitted for patients with irregular cycles. The primary outcome was ongoing pregnancy rate with secondary outcomes including pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, biochemical rate, and clinical loss rate. Multivariate regression was utilized to adjust for potential covariates.

resultsThe ongoing pregnancy rates were similar between the Ovu-FET versus PC-FET groups (62.6% vs. 58.6%, P = 0.50). Pregnancy rates (77.2% vs. 82.8%, P = 0.25) and clinical pregnancy rates (69.5% vs. 68.1%, P = 0.79) were also similar. Clinical loss rates were similar between the two groups (7.0% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.41). Biochemical loss rates were slightly lower for the Ovu-FET versus PC-FET groups (7.6% vs. 14.7%, P = 0.06) without reaching statistical significance.

conclusionOur study supports the use of Ovu-FET in women aged 40 years and older undergoing euploid embryo transfers. The results should strengthen confidence in the use of Ovu-FET for older patients.

Indexed as

CryopreservationEmbryo TransferFertilization in VitroAdultEmbryo ImplantationFemaleHumansMiddle AgedOvulation InductionPregnancyPregnancy OutcomePregnancy RateRetrospective StudiesAgeEndometrial preparationFrozen embryo transferLetrozole FETNatural cycle FETOvulatory FET

Identifiers

PMID40164791
PMCPMC12167218

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.