ArticleDiabetes care2025
Dynamic Relationships Among Continuous Glucose Metrics and Momentary Cognitive Performance in Diverse Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Habituation to Elevated Glucose Levels in Type 1 Diabetes: Function and Well-being in Guideline-Based Versus Typical Glycemic Range.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Applications of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Cognitive Research in Diabetes: a Scoping Review.Current diabetes reports · 2026Article
- Neurotransmitter Alterations in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The effects of diabetes on attention function: a comparative analysis of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their healthy peers.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDespite established relationships between glycemia and cognition, few studies have evaluated within-person changes over time. We paired continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with ambulatory cognitive testing to examine bidirectional associations among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsParticipants wore blinded CGM and completed ambulatory tests of perceptual speed and sustained attention five or six times daily for 14 days. CGM metrics were calculated over 3-h periods (mean glucose, %time in range [70-180 mg/dL], %time in low [<70 mg/dL], %time in high [181-250 mg/dL], %time in very high [>250 mg/dL], and coefficient of variation). Immediate glucose values within 15 min of cognitive assessments were also examined. Dynamic structural equation models evaluated bidirectional relationships over sequential 3-h periods.
resultsAmong 182 diverse adults with T1D (age 40 ± 14 years, 46% male, 41% Latino, 29% White, 15% Black), more time in low glucose over 3 h was associated with slower perceptual speed at the end of that interval (P < 0.05) but not 3 h later. More time in high glucose (>250 mg/dL) was associated with faster perceptual speed initially but slower speed 3 h later (P < 0.05). Physical activity partially mediated the effect of high glucose on slower perceptual speed. Glycemia did not predict attention scores within persons. Lower attention and higher perceptual speed predicted higher mean glucose and more time in very high glucose over the following 3 h (P < 0.05).
conclusionsThese novel observations of significant bidirectional association between glycemia and cognitive performance over the course of the day among adults with T1D emphasize the importance of examining within-person longitudinal effects over different time frames.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.