Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio within normal range and kidney stones in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional observational study.
Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lifestyle Adherence and Metabolic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Development of a Lifestyle Compliance Index.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Urinary adhesion molecules with ERK signaling as predictive biomarkers for kidney stones: a pilot study.BMC urology · 2026Article
- Normal-range urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and mortality risk in adults with obesity: a cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Kidney stones are a major public health concern, and their prevalence has increased significantly in recent decades. While urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is a recognized marker for kidney disease, its relationship with kidney stones, especially within the normal UACR range, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between UACR levels within the normal range and the risk of developing kidney stones. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2009 to 2018, focusing on adults aged 20 years and older with available UACR data. Using weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, we assessed the relationship between UACR levels and the prevalence of kidney stones, adjusting for relevant covariates. Subgroup analyses were also performed to evaluate the consistency of this association across demographic and health-related factors. Results: The study found that higher UACR levels within the normal range were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of developing kidney stones. Specifically, individuals in the highest quartile of UACR had a 36% higher odds of kidney stones compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04-1.77). A non-linear, dose-response relationship was observed between UACR levels and kidney stone risk (P < 0.001), with the association remaining consistent across various demographic subgroups. Conclusion: Elevated UACR levels, even within the normal range, are strongly associated with a higher risk of kidney stones. This finding highlights the potential of UACR as a valuable biomarker for assessing kidney stone risk in clinical practice.
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