Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40162117›Full record

ArticleJournal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment2025

A Call to Analyze Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in Psychopathology Research: An Illustration with ADHD and Internalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adults.

Cynthia M Hartung, Elizabeth K Lefler, Tamara M Abu-Ramadan, Anne E Stevens, Judah W Serrano, Emily A Miller, Christopher R Shelton

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Cynthia M HartungUniversity of Wyoming, Laramie, WY USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2210-8373
Elizabeth K LeflerUniversity of Oregon, Portland, OR USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5399-4649
Tamara M Abu-RamadanChildren's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6812-7492
Anne E StevensUniversity of Wyoming, Laramie, WY USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7476-2372
Judah W SerranoUniversity of Denver, Denver, CO USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6999-8433
Emily A MillerUniversity of Wyoming, Laramie, WY USA.ORCID 0009-0002-5474-6767
Christopher R SheltonPennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0744-1672

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We have historically ignored sex/gender and conducted sex- and gender-neutral psychopathology research. There is a clear need to analyze potential differences and similarities between individuals with various sexes, genders, and sexual orientations in psychopathology research. Specifically, we need to stop ignoring sex, gender, and sexual orientation, conduct analyses that go beyond the binary, and analyze these important variables for generalizability even when the primary research question is not about sex, gender, and sexual orientation. In the current study we examined ADHD and internalizing symptoms in a community sample to compare different ways to analyze data and better understand differences and similarities across groups. We predicted that a richer understanding of sex/gender differences would emerge when we compared sex and gender minority (SGM) participants to cisgender heterosexual women (CHW) and men (CHM) rather than conducting binary analyses. Emerging adults (

Indexed as

ADHDAnxietyDepressionEmerging adultsSexual and gender minorities

Identifiers

PMID40162117
PMCPMC11946943

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.