ArticleRisk management and healthcare policy2025
Financial Toxicity for Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses.
Article in Risk management and healthcare policy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were promising medical treatments for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while the financial toxicity could not be neglected due to the high cost which might impair the prognosis and quality of life. Thus, we compared the cost-effectiveness analyses to identify the potential financial toxicity of metastatic NSCLC received ICIs. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed for the published economic evaluation of ICIs in the Medline and Web of Science databases between January 2015 and September 2021. Only the studies conducting the cost-effectiveness analysis, including total cost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), were included in our research. We compared the economic outcomes between the immunotherapy group and chemotherapy group and stratified by the programmed death receptor-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist would be employed to check the quality of included papers. Results: A total of 25 studies and 30 cost-effectiveness analyses were included, in which 22 (73.3%) were on Pembrolizumab, eight (26.7%) on Atezolizumab, and 17 (56.7%) on the American payer perspective. In total, the ICER was lower than the willingness to pay (WTP) in 43% of the included analyses. The ICER of Pembrolizumab was lower than that of Atezolizumab (P = 0.049), and it was comparable between ICER and WTP either for Pembrolizumab (P = 0.533) or Atezolizumab (P = 0.056). The economic outcomes were all comparable as stratified by the PD-L1 expression. Conclusion: Immunotherapy could bring financial toxicity, and financial toxicity assessment during clinical decision would weaken the potential impact in the whole course of immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.