ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025
Super-resolving particle diffusion heterogeneity in porous hydrogels via high-speed 3D active-feedback single-particle tracking microscopy.
Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Nanoparticle diffusion in 3D porous structures is critical to understanding natural and synthetic systems but remains underexplored due to limitations in traditional microscopy methods. Here, we use 3D Single-Molecule Active-feedback Real-time Tracking (3D-SMART) microscopy to resolve nanoparticle dynamics in agarose gels with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We highlight 'hopping diffusion', where particles intermittently escape confinement pockets, providing insights into hydrogel microstructure. Long, highly sampled trajectories enable extraction of kinetic parameters, confinement sizes, and thermodynamic barriers. This study demonstrates 3D-SMART's ability to probe particle-environment interactions at super-resolution (~10 nm in XY and ~30 nm in Z) in 3D, offering new perspectives on nanoparticle diffusion and the structural dynamics of porous materials, with implications for drug delivery, material science, and biological systems.
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