Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40161471›Full record

ReviewInternet interventions2025

Single online self-compassion writing intervention reduces anxiety: With the feedback of ChatGPT.

Tomoko Kishimoto, Ximing Hao, Trimble Chang, Zhiye Luo

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Internet interventions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Leveraging AI Tools to Express Gratitude.Technology, mind, and behavior · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Tomoko KishimotoFaculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Ximing HaoDepartment of Social Psychology, School of Sociology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Trimble ChangDepartment of Social Psychology, School of Sociology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Zhiye LuoDepartment of Social Psychology, School of Sociology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the aim of universal prevention, there is still a lack of non-clinician-led or self-help interventions designed for the general population experiencing psychological distress. This study aims to address this gap by exploring a convenient, single-session, and effective method for reducing anxiety using ChatGPT feedback. Using a mixed-factorial experimental design, we recruited 98 participants online to compare changes in self-compassion and anxiety before and after the intervention among three groups: self-compassion writing with ChatGPT feedback (Experimental Group 1), self-compassion writing alone (Experimental Group 2), and an Active Control Group. Results showed that both Experimental Group 1 and 2 experienced significant increases in self-compassion and Experimental Group 1 experienced significant decreases in anxiety after the intervention, with Experimental Group 1 showing greater improvements. There were no significant changes in the control group. This study demonstrates that single online self-compassion writing intervention can effectively reduce anxiety and that using ChatGPT to provide highly empathetic feedback can enhance the effectiveness, making psychological support more accessible, cost-effective, and suitable for the general population.

Indexed as

AnxietyChatGPT feedbackOnline interventionSelf-compassion writingSingle-session intervention

Identifiers

PMID40161471
PMCPMC11954822

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.