Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40161363›Full record

ArticleNano energy2025

Instantaneous Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Pacemaker Applications.

Derui Wang, Wenjian Liu, Long Gu, Eric Schmuck, Timothy Hacker, Pengfei Chen, Jiajie Sui, Xudong Wang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nano energy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Derui WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Wenjian LiuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Long GuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Eric SchmuckCardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Timothy HackerCardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Pengfei ChenDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Jiajie SuiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Xudong WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Funding

Nanogenerator-Driven Self-Sustainable Power Source for Intracardiac PacemakersR01HL157077 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI WANG, XUDONG · 2021 to 2024
$2.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL157077
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Implantable nanogenerators (NG) are a promising solution to the self-sustainable power source for cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), such as pacemakers, by harvesting biomechanical energy from heartbeats. Nevertheless, the conversion efficiency of mechanical energy into electrical energy has long been a significant challenge, limiting the practical application of NGs to effectively charge a power storage component. In this work, we report an instantaneous piezoelectric NG (i-PENG) design that converted the wave-like output of a regular PENG into output spikes with ~7 times higher amplitude. Due to the largely raised electrical energy, the i-PENG exhibited a substantially faster charging rate on a capacitor. The i-PENG was further integrated with a rectifier and a micro capacitor, serving as both the contact electrodes and an electrical regulating circuit. When implanted on a pig's heart surface, this integrated power system was able to charge a capacitance of 100 μF to 4 V in 13 minutes. This level of electrical power was able to operate a commercial pacemaker to provide regular stimulation signals. This study provides a design principle that can raise the electrical energy of the piezoelectricity, leading toward practical applications of PENG for powering implantable biomedical devices.

Indexed as

Biomechanical energy harvestingImplantable medical devicesPacemakersPiezoelectric nanogeneratorsSelf-powering

Identifiers

PMID40161363
PMCPMC11952694

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.