ArticleToxicology research2025
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and Uroprotective effects of LAMOTRIGINE Cinnamaldehyde silver complex in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.
Article in Toxicology research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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12 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis is a significant clinical challenge in cancer patients, characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of lamotrigine cinnamaldehyde silver complex (LCSC) against CYP-induced cystitis. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: Control, CYP-induced cystitis (Disease Control), mesna (standard drug), and three LCSC treatment groups (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Nociception, open-field test, bladder weight, edema, hemorrhage, vascular permeability, histopathological analysis, and the qRT-PCR expression of inflammatory and antioxidant genes were investigated. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 software. LCSC treatment significantly reduced nociceptive responses and improved locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner compared to the diseased control group. LCSC attenuated CYP-induced increases in bladder weight, edema, and hemorrhage. The higher doses of LCSC (5 and 10 mg/kg) were more effective in reducing vascular permeability. In vitro studies revealed that LCSC relaxed the urinary bladder strips in a concentration-dependent manner. LCSC also significantly upregulated the expression of antioxidant genes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and downregulated inflammatory markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β) in a dose-dependent manner. The histopathological evaluation confirmed the preservation of bladder architecture in LCSC-treated rats. LCSC demonstrated strong binding affinities and lower inhibition constants with key inflammatory and muscle protein receptors, including IL-1β, TNF-α, MLCP, and PKC, compared to Mesna. LCSC exhibited potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and uroprotective effects in the CYP-induced rat model of cystitis as a potential therapeutic drug.
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