Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40161078›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Transient Unilateral Blepharoptosis Following Upper Blepharoplasty: A Case Report and Considerations for Local Anesthetic Use.

Georgios E Papanikolaou, Konstantina Bouranta, Thomas Iraklis Smiris, Dimitrios N Varvarousis

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Georgios E PapanikolaouPlastic Surgery, Private Practice, Ioannina, GRC.
Konstantina BourantaMedical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC.
Thomas Iraklis SmirisMedical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC.
Dimitrios N VarvarousisLaboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Upper blepharoplasty is a common aesthetic procedure aimed to address dermatochalasis of the eyelid and improve visual acuity. During the postoperative period, patients may experience complications that are usually minor and transient. However, these complications may adversely affect the healing process, delaying the desired result. Accordingly, we present a case of a 57-year-old female with late and transient unilateral blepharoptosis after cosmetic upper blepharoplasty. Preoperative examination revealed the presence of bilateral upper eyelid dermatochalasis and mild prolapse of the nasal fat pad, normal function of the orbicularis oculi, levator palpebrae superioris and frontalis muscles, without evidence of ptosis. Medical history included hyperlipidemia without other significant comorbidities. We hypothesize that the additional local anesthetic injection at the affected eyelid in combination with the persistent edema could have caused the development of ptosis. Therefore, we emphasize the careful use of local anesthetic solution in cases of blepharoplasty and the detailed preoperative examination of the patients to exclude the presence of preexisting blepharoptosis. Moreover, we propose an intraoperative strategy to reduce the possibility of injury of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and aponeurosis, and therefore to improve postoperative recovery in upper blepharoplasty.

Indexed as

blepharoptosisepinephrine toxicitylidocaine toxicitylocal anestheticupper blepharoplastyupper eyelid edema

Identifiers

PMID40161078
PMCPMC11955154

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.