ArticleCureus2025
Expression of Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Astrocytic Tumors and Its Correlation With Histopathological Grade and Proliferative Index (Ki-67): A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Multimodality therapies for gliomas are associated with poor outcomes. Tumor cells display immune evasion by activating immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). It could be linked with the grade proliferative index (Ki-67) serving as a potential target for immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the expression of PD-L1 in astrocytic tumors and correlate it with histopathological grade and Ki-67. Methodology This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary medical college for four years between September 2018 and August 2022. A total of 43 cases of biopsy-proven glial tumors were included in the study after obtaining informed consent from all participants whose biopsies were considered. Clinicoradiological details were documented. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides were reviewed for histopathological grade and morphology. PD-L1 expression and Ki-67 labeling Index were studied immunohistochemically, followed by the correlation of PD-L1 with clinicopathological parameters, Ki-67 LI, and patient survival was also noted. Data were compiled into Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive data were interpreted as mean, frequencies, and percentages. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to study the correlation between PD-L1 and Ki-67. Association was tested using the chi-square test. The impact of PD-L1 on the survival of patients was also investigated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results A total of 43 patients were included with 31 males and 12 females (mean age = 46.14 years). PD-L1 expression and Ki-67 LI showed a significant relationship with advanced age (p = 0.010), histological grade (p = <0.001), presence of cellular atypia (p < 0.001), necrosis (p = <0.001), and microvascular proliferation (p < 0.001). PD-L1 showed a positive correlation with Ki-67 (r
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.