ArticleReviews in cardiovascular medicine2025
Association of Smoking and Alcohol with Abdominal Aortic Calcification in the General Middle-Aged and Elderly Populations.
Article in Reviews in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predictive nomogram for abdominal aortic calcification risk: a multi-algorithm approach integrating demographic and clinical variables.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Abdominal aortic calcification is associated with hip fracture in the elderly.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Research results on the association between alcohol consumption and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has yielded inconsistent results. There is a paucity of evidence on the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with AAC in the general middle-aged and elderly population, including age subgroups. This study utilizes nationwide survey data to explore these associations. Methods: Data from middle-aged and elderly National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 participants receiving dual X-ray absorptiometry were analyzed. AAC severity was assessed using a scoring system with a maximum value of 24. Presence of AAC was defined as an AAC score >0, and severe AAC as an AAC score ≥6. Binary logistic regression was employed for analyzing the association of smoking and alcohol consumption-related indices with the presence of AAC, while cumulative odds logistic regression explored their associations with severe AAC. Results: Data of 3135 participants were analyzed. Investigation in the entire population found that smoking history was linked to both AAC and severe AAC. In contrast, alcohol consumption history was not linked to AAC or severe AAC. After adjusting for confounders, the findings confirmed a significant association of smoking history with AAC and severe AAC. No significant associations were found for current alcohol consumption with either AAC or severe AAC. Compared with never smokers, former smokers and current smokers experienced increased AAC risk. Former smokers had a significantly lower AAC risk compared to current smokers. Compared with never alcohol consumers, neither former nor current alcohol consumers experienced a different AAC risk. No difference in AAC risk was found between former and current alcohol consumers. Individuals consuming more than 2 drinks of alcohol per day suffered from a significant increase in risk of AAC. Subgroup analyses found elderly ever and current smokers suffered from a significantly elevated AAC risk, as did middle-aged ever smokers. Elderly ever and current alcohol consumers also experienced increased risk of AAC. Conclusions: Smoking history is significantly associated with both AAC and severe AAC. The cardiovascular benefits associated with smoking cessation primarily manifest as reduction in risk of AAC presence rather than severe AAC. Elderly smokers are exposed to a greater risk of AAC. In contrast, alcohol consumption shows no association with severe AAC. Alcohol consumption is not associated with AAC except in heavy drinking and elderly subpopulations.
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