Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40159787›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2025

A Highly Stable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Electron Transport Layer for Ultraflexible Organic Photodiodes.

Theodorus Jonathan Wijaya, Sixing Xiong, Kosei Sasaki, Yutaro Kato, Kazuma Mori, Mari Koizumi, Sunghoon Lee, Masaki Kobayashi, Yinhua Zhou, Kenjiro Fukuda and 2 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Theodorus Jonathan WijayaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3947-0029
Sixing XiongRIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-5628
Kosei SasakiDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
Yutaro KatoDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
Kazuma MoriDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
Mari KoizumiDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
Sunghoon LeeDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
Masaki KobayashiDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
Yinhua ZhouWuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-9962
Kenjiro FukudaRIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8015-5819
Tomoyuki YokotaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-8864
Takao SomeyaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-1138

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP22H04949Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP23KJ0760
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flexible organic photodiodes (OPDs) are used to detect light in system-scale demonstrations of skin-conformable devices. However, the detectivity of OPDs deteriorates under various environmental conditions, such as light irradiation, air exposure, and heating. This decrease in detectivity is observed in OPDs with a widely used sol-gel ZnO (ZnO SG) electron transport layer (ETL), where the dark current at the reverse bias increased by several orders of magnitude. In this study, a low dark current and stable detectivity with respect to the aforementioned external changes are achieved. The enhanced stability stems from the suppression of the increase in dark current realized by using a mixture of an organic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEIE), and inorganic crystals (ZnO nanoparticles) to create a nanoparticle-based, Zn-chelated PEIE (PEI-Zn NP) as the ETL of the OPDs. The detectivities of OPDs with PEI-Zn NP are 89%, 84%, and 93% of their original values after light irradiation, air storage, and thermal heating, respectively. In contrast, their ZnO SG counterparts exhibited stabilities of only 9.9%, 55%, and 2.6%, respectively, in the same tests. Furthermore, the use of PEI-Zn NP ETL in ultraflexible OPDs is demonstrated by the maintained detectivity after 5000 cycles of device bending.

Indexed as

dark currentelectron transport layersflexible electronicsorganic photodiodesstabilityzinc oxide

Identifiers

PMID40159787
PMCPMC12107226

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.