ArticlePsychopharmacology2025
Ethanol consumption prior to cocaine self-administration reduced vulnerability to cocaine reinforcement in socially subordinate female and male monkeys.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The need to incorporate polysubstance use in neuropsychopharmacology research: Biological lessons and new opportunities.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- The role of polysubstance use in the development, maintenance, and treatment of stimulant use disorders.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex, social rank, and nicotine co-administration shape cocaine- and cocaethylene-induced reinstatement in monkeys.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- The impact of sex, species, environmental context, and alternative reinforcers in animal models of cocaine use disorders.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Review
- Ethanol self-administration reduced the efficacy of a behavioral intervention to decrease cocaine choice in socially housed male and female monkeys.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Ethanol self-administration prior to cocaine self-administration reduces sensitivity to cocaine reinforcement in socially housed monkeys.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleAlthough ethanol consumption is ubiquitous among individuals who use cocaine, most preclinical work investigating factors that contribute to the development of problematic cocaine use do not incorporate ethanol into their experimental designs. Given that only a subset of individuals who try cocaine go on to develop a cocaine use disorder (CUD) research is needed to identify factors, such as ethanol consumption, that may influence vulnerability to cocaine reinforcement.
objectivesThus, this study aimed to determine how a history of ethanol self-administration and exposure immediately prior to the first experience with cocaine self-administration influenced the potency of cocaine to function as a reinforcer in socially housed male and female cynomolgus monkeys.
methodsFor these experiments, one group of monkeys (n = 7) was trained to self-administer up to 1.5 g/kg of ethanol prior to cocaine self-administration while another group of monkeys (n = 13) remained ethanol-naïve through the study. Acquisition of cocaine self-administration was studied in both groups of monkeys under a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement where ascending doses of cocaine were substituted for food pellets. Cocaine ED50 values from the ascending limb were examined statistically.
resultsThe results showed that subordinate monkeys that self-administered ethanol prior to cocaine self-administration required higher cocaine doses to function as a reinforcer compared with subordinate monkeys not exposed to ethanol.
conclusionsOne possible explanation for this finding is that ethanol, due to its acute anxiolytic effects, mitigated the effect of chronic stress in subordinate monkeys and thereby blunted the reinforcing effects of initial cocaine exposure. Future research is needed to examine whether variables such as environmental enrichment or treatment with clinically effective anxiolytics in chronically stressed individuals can modify the initiation and continued use of cocaine.
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