ArticleEBioMedicine2025
Foetal cortical expansion is associated with neurodevelopmental outcome at 2-years in congenital heart disease: a longitudinal follow-up study.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Linking maternal blood pressure with fetal cerebral haemodynamics and cortical growth in congenital heart disease.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in paediatric neuroradiology: current landscape, challenges, and future directions.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
- Fetal MRI reveals altered prenatal cortical surface area in fetuses later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Typical development of the human fetal subplate: Regional heterogeneity, growth, and asymmetry assessed by in vivo T2-weighted MRI.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Sooner, the Better: Neuroprotective Strategies in Fetuses With Congenital Heart Disease.Prenatal diagnosis · 2026Review
- Contrasting neonatal brain morphometry and its impact on neurodevelopmental outcome between preterm birth and congenital heart disease.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
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Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn adolescents and adults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), abnormal cortical folding is a putative predictor of poor neurodevelopmental outcome. However, it is unknown when this relationship first emerges. We test the hypothesis that it begins in utero, when the brain starts to gyrify and folding patterns first become established.
methodsWe carried out a prospective, longitudinal case-control study, acquiring foetal MRIs at two timepoints in utero, (Scan 1 = 20-30 Gestational Weeks (GW) and Scan 2 = 30-39 GW), then followed up participants at two years of age to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes. We used normative modelling to chart growth trajectories of surface features across 60 cortical regions in a control population (n = 157), then quantified the deviance of each foetus with CHD (n = 135) and explored the association with neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age.
findingsDifferences in cortical development between CHD and Control foetuses only emerged after 30 GW, and lower regional cortical surface area growth was correlated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age in the CHD group.
interpretationThis work highlights the third trimester specifically as a critical period in brain development for foetuses with CHD, where the reduced surface area expansion in specific cortical regions becomes consequential in later life, and predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome in toddlerhood.
fundingThis research was supported by the NINDS (R01NS114087, K23NS101120) and NIBIB (R01EB031170) of the NIH, PHN Scholar Award, AAN Clinical Research Training Fellowship, BBRF Young Investigator Awards, and the Farb Family Fund.
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