Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40158174›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Timing of diagnostic workups in Chinese population with recurrent pregnancy loss: a cross-sectional study.

Liyang Zhang, Yushu Du, Jingshuang Zhou, Chuanyang Liu, Jiapo Li, Chong Qiao

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03561766 (Birth Cohort Study of China Medical University in Shenyang), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03561766 recruitingnot on this map

Birth Cohort Study of China Medical University in Shenyang

TypeobservationalSponsorShengjing HospitalRan2018 to 2037Enrolled1,000ConditionsTwin, Complicating Pregnancy, Advanced Maternal Age Pregnancy, Scarred Uterus
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Liyang Zhang *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
Yushu Du *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
Jingshuang ZhouDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
Chuanyang LiuDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
Jiapo Li *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
Chong Qiao *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. qiaochong2002@hotmail.com.

Funding

General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 81771610General Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education LJ212410159092Livelihood Science and Technology Joint Project of Liaoning Province 2021JH2/10300123National Key R&D Program of China 2023YFC2705900National Natural Science Foundation of China 81370735Science and Technology Project of Shenyang 20-205-4-004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are no specific guidelines regarding the definition, diagnostic workup and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in China at present. Whether the diagnostic workup should occur after two or three or more pregnancy losses in the Chinese population is not clear.

methodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from January 2017 to December 2022 from the RPL Clinic at Shengjing Hospital, affiliated with China Medical University. The results of diagnostic tests for evidence-based and possible risk factors of RPL,which is defined as two or more failed clinical pregnancies, were collected. The data collected include parental chromosomal karyotypes, immune factors (anticardiolipin antibody, anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibody, lupus anticoagulants, and antinuclear antibodies), endocrine factors (polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, obesity, and glucose abnormalities), anatomical factors (uterine malformations, endometrial polyps, intrauterine adhesions, uterine fibroids or adenomyosis), coagulation factors (thrombelastogram, antithrombin III, and homocysteine levels) and other factors (vitamin D levels, MTHFR polymorphisms and ultrasound indices of endometrial receptivity). All these data were compared between patients with two or three or more pregnancy losses.

resultsAmong all 785 patients with RPL, the rates of abnormal anatomical factors (40.96% versus 32.94%, P = 0.021, OR 1.41, (95% Cl 1.05-1.89)), endometrial polyps (6.21% versus 3.06%, P = 0.034, OR 2.10, (95% Cl 1.04-4.23)) and obesity (13.76% versus 5.59%, P < 0.0001, OR 2.69, (95% Cl 1.62-4.49)) were significantly higher in people with three or more pregnancy losses than in people with two pregnancy losses. The rates of other diagnostic tests were not statistically significant between the two groups.

conclusionBased on the high rate of abnormal test results in the Chinese RPL population, our findings may provide evidence for patients in our area begin routine etiological screening after two pregnancy losses.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03561766, 18/5/2018.

Indexed as

Abortion, HabitualAdultChinaCross-Sectional StudiesEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansPregnancyRisk FactorsTime FactorsAnatomical factorsDiagnostic workupEndometrial polypsObesityRecurrent pregnancy loss

Identifiers

PMID40158174
PMCPMC11954248

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.