Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40158020›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2025

Anesthesia, extremely premature infants and full-scale intelligence quotient at 5 years of age.

Joanna J Fifen, Mujtaba Siddique, Arijit Lodha, Andrew Walker, Amina Benlamri, Selphee Tang, Sue Makarchuk, Abhay Lodha, Debbie McAllister

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Article in Pediatric research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Joanna J FifenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Mujtaba SiddiqueCumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Arijit LodhaFaculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Andrew WalkerDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Amina BenlamriAlberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Selphee TangAlberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Sue MakarchukAlberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Abhay LodhaAlberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Debbie McAllisterDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. debbie.mcallister@ahs.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo determine the association between exposure to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned anesthetics in premature infants and their full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) score at 5 years of age.

methodsPremature infants born <27 weeks gestational age (GA) between January 2006 and December 2012 with FDA anesthetic exposure status were included. Exposures included volatile anesthetics, propofol, benzodiazepines, ketamine, chloral hydrate, and barbiturates/phenobarbital. Exposure was treated as a binary variable with infants stratified into those who were or were not exposed to any FDA warned drug. Associations were explored using univariable and multivariable regressions.

results238 (61.5%) of 387 eligible infants had available FSIQ scores. Of these, 110 (46.2%) were exposed to warned anesthetics. Unadjusted and adjusted imputed case associations (95% CI) between FDA warned anesthetics and FSIQ were -5 (-10 to -2, p = 0.014) and -2 (-7 to 3, p = 0.528) points. An unobserved confounder(s) the strength of severe IVH [-9 points (-15 to -3)] would be required to overturn the directional association between FDA exposure and FSIQ in our complete case model.

conclusionPremature infants exposed to anesthetics flagged by the FDA showed no significant reduction in FSIQ at 5 years of age. IMPACT: It is unclear whether early exposure to anesthetics in premature infants born <27 weeks gestation is associated with full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at 5 years of age. Our retrospective cohort study included 387 premature infants born <27 weeks gestational age. FSIQ scores were available for 238/387 at 5 years of age of which 110 were exposed to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned anesthetic drugs. After missing data imputation and adjustment for maternal and neonatal characteristics, no significant associations were found between FDA warned anesthetic exposure and FSIQ. No adjusted volatile anesthetic or opioid dosage effect was associated with FSIQ.

Indexed as

AnesthesiaAnestheticsInfant, Extremely PrematureIntelligenceChild, PreschoolFemaleGestational AgeHumansInfant, NewbornIntelligence TestsMaleRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationAnesthetics

Identifiers

PMID40158020

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.