ArticleSchizophrenia research2025
Cluster profiles of distressing psychotic-like experiences among children and associations with genetic risk, prenatal cannabis exposure, and social-environmental characteristics.
Article in Schizophrenia research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A decade of discovery: Leveraging genomic data in the ABCD study to illuminate adolescent neurodevelopment.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
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Abstract
backgroundDistressing psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in children are associated with an increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Recent studies suggest that different domains of psychotic symptoms could be associated with distinct risk factors, but less is known about PLEs. This study clustered PLEs into subgroups and explored the genetic and environmental characteristics associated with these profiles.
methodsData from children (N = 11,854) recruited as part of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study v5.1 assessed PLEs using 21-items from the Prodromal-Questionnaire-Brief Child Version. K-medoid clustering of PLEs was conducted among children with at least one distressing PLE item at baseline (n = 3155). Associations of polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) and social-environmental characteristics with PLE subgroups were estimated using generalized multinomial mixed models, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, income-to-needs ratio, and family history of psychosis.
resultsWe identified three distressing PLE subgroups: hallucinatory-like (n = 1110), paranoid-like (n = 1229), and multiple PLE domains (n = 816). Compared to those without any distressing PLEs (n = 8699), those with hallucinatory-like PLE were more likely to have had prenatal cannabis exposure (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.578, 95 % CI: 1.231-2.023); paranoid-like individuals had higher PRS-SCZ (OR = 1.080, 95 % CI: 1.001-1.166); those with multiple PLE domains participated in less physical activities (OR = 0.880, 95 % CI: 0.803-0.964). All groups were more likely to have experienced greater childhood adversity and worse school environments.
conclusionsWe found that those with different aspects of distressing PLEs had distinct and similar genetic and environmental characteristics. These results suggest that it may be important to consider the heterogeneity of PLE in conceptualizing the development of psychosis.
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