ArticleAge and ageing2025
Sex and education differences in trajectories of physiological ageing: longitudinal analysis of a prospective English cohort study.
Article in Age and ageing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regional Brain Volume Variation Across Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional MRI Analysis of Age, Sex, and Hemispheric Asymmetry.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in functional ageing trajectories in England and Canada: A comparative longitudinal cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Psychosis as a multisystem disorder of aberrant aging.npj aging · 2026Review
- Association of Edentulism With Subsequent Biological Age: A Cohort Study.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Article
- Cultural Engagement Is Related to Decelerated Physiological Age: Doubly Robust Estimations in a National Cohort Study.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- Social connections are differentially related to subjective age and physiological age acceleration amongst older adults.Nature communications · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundPhysiological age (PA) derived from clinical indicators including blood-based biomarkers and tests of physiological function can be compared with chronological age to examine disparities in health between older adults of the same age. Though education interacts with sex to lead to inequalities in healthy ageing, their combined influence on longitudinally measured PA has not been explored. We derived PA based on longitudinally measured clinical indicators and examined how sex and education interact to inform PA trajectories.
methodsThree waves of clinical indicators (2004/05-2012/13) drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ages 50-100 years) were used to estimate PA, which was internally validated by confirming associations with incident chronic conditions, functional limitations and memory impairment after adjustment for chronological age and sex. Joint models were used to construct PA trajectories in 8891 English Longitudinal Study of Ageing participants to examine sex and educational disparities in PA.
findingsAmongst the least educated participants, there were negligible sex differences in PA until age 60 (sex difference [men-women] age 50 = -0.6 years [95% confidence interval = -2.2 to 0.6]; age 60 = 0.4 [-0.6 to 1.4]); at age 70, women were 1.5 years (0.7-2.2) older than men. Amongst the most educated participants, women were 3.8 years (1.6-6.0) younger than men at age 50 and 2.7 years (0.4-5.0) younger at age 60, with a nonsignificant sex difference at age 70.
interpretationHigher education provides a larger midlife buffer to physiological ageing for women than men. Policies to promote gender equity in higher education may contribute to improving women's health across a range of ageing-related outcomes.
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