Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40156670›Full record

ArticleResearch on child and adolescent psychopathology2025

Temperament Profiles at Age 18 Months as Distinctive Predictors of Elevated ASD- and ADHD-Trait Scores and Their Co-Occurrence at Age 8-9: HBC Study.

Nobuaki Tsukui, Yoko Nomura, Jeffrey H Newcorn, Nagahide Takahashi, Yuka Ishikawa-Omori, Chikako Nakayasu, Akemi Okumura, Toshiki Iwabuchi, Taeko Harada, Mohammad Shafiur Rahman and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Research on child and adolescent psychopathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The Evolving ADHD Phenotype in the Externalizing Context.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Nobuaki TsukuiDepartment of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, University of Fukui, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan.
Yoko NomuraResearch Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan.
Jeffrey H NewcornDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Nagahide TakahashiDepartment of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, University of Fukui, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan.
Yuka Ishikawa-OmoriResearch Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan.
Chikako NakayasuResearch Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan.
Akemi OkumuraDepartment of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, University of Fukui, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan.
Toshiki IwabuchiDepartment of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, University of Fukui, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan.
Taeko HaradaDepartment of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, University of Fukui, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan.
Mohammad Shafiur RahmanDepartment of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, University of Fukui, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan.
Tomoko NishimuraDepartment of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, University of Fukui, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan.
Kenji J TsuchiyaDepartment of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, University of Fukui, Handayama 1 Chuoku, Hamamatsu, 4313192, Japan. kj-tsuchiya@umin.net.ORCID 0000-0002-1314-4199

Funding

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 24gn0110079h0002Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 24gn0110088s0401Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 22H00492Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 22K07557Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 24K05786
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be traced back to specific early childhood temperament patterns. However, no unique pattern has been identified for their co-occurrence. Given that children with both traits often require more clinical attention, this study aimed to discover such patterns by examining three temperament domains measured during early childhood-Surgency/Extraversion (SE), Negative Affectivity (NA), and Effortful Control (EC)-and their association with group membership defined as being above the cut-off points for either ASD- or ADHD-trait scores or their co-occurrence at school age. We enrolled 814 children from a birth cohort, assessing temperament at 18 months using the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire, and ASD- and ADHD-trait scores at ages 8-9 using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 and ADHD-Rating Scale. Group membership was determined by clinically significant symptoms, defined as + 1 SD after standardizing scores by age and sex. Multinomial regression analyses examined associations between temperament domain scores and group membership (ASD-dominant, ADHD-dominant, co-occurring, neither-ASD-nor-ADHD). The co-occurring group showed a unique temperament profile, with higher scores in both NA and EC (OR in NA = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11 to 1.96 and OR in EC = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.20), distinct from the patterns shown by the ASD-dominant and ADHD-dominant groups. The combination of high NA and EC scores uniquely characterizes the co-occurring group, highlighting the need for early temperament assessments to identify children potentially requiring clinical attention for both ASD and ADHD traits.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAutism Spectrum DisorderTemperamentChildComorbidityFemaleHumansInfantMaleADHDASDChildhoodJapanTemperament

Identifiers

PMID40156670
PMCPMC12031764

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.