Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40156624›Full record

Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2025

Insulin resistance mediate the association between leucine intake, dietary glycemic index, and type 2 diabetes in secondary cardiovascular prevention: path analysis from Brazilian cardioprotective nutritional (BALANCE) program.

Alinne Paula de Almeida, Leidjaira Juvanhol Lopes, Ângela Cristine Bersch-Ferreira, Camila Ragne Torreglosa, Aline Marcadenti, Bernardete Weber, Josefina Bressan, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01620398 (The Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program to Reduce Events and Risk Factors in Secondary Prevention for Cardiovascular Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01620398 nacompletednot on this map

The Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program to Reduce Events and Risk Factors in Secondary Prevention for Cardiovascular Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorHospital do CoracaoRan2013 to 2017Enrolled2,534ConditionsCardiovascular DiseasesArmsBALANCE, Control diet
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alinne Paula de AlmeidaLaboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
Leidjaira Juvanhol LopesLaboratory of Nutritional Epidemiology and Health Surveillance, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
Ângela Cristine Bersch-FerreiraReal e Benemérita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Camila Ragne TorreglosaHcor Research Institute, HCor (IP-Hcor), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Aline MarcadentiHcor Research Institute, HCor (IP-Hcor), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Bernardete WeberReal e Benemérita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Josefina BressanLaboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
Helen Hermana Miranda HermsdorffLaboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. helenhermana@ufv.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4441-6572

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeInsulin resistance (IR) is an important mediator of the relationship between food intake and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Most of the few studies that have evaluated this relationship relied on the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) tool. Here, we evaluated the association between leucine intake, glycemic index, and T2DM with related mediators in individuals throughout secondary cardiovascular prevention.

methodsSociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and food intake data were recorded from the baseline of the trial Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program. Path analysis was used to explore the relationships between variables.

resultsThis study enrolled 2,247 participants (median age of 63.0 (45-91) years; 58.8% males). The TyG index showed positive association with T2DM (SC = 0.356; p < 0.001) and negative association with leucine intake (SC= -0.046; p = 0.028). The glycemic index (GI) was positively associated with BMI (SC = 0.072; p = 0.001), and BMI had an indirect positive effect on T2DM mediated by the TyG index (SC = 0.078; p < 0.001). Leucine intake had indirect negative effect on T2DM, mediated by the TyG index (SC= -0.016; p = 0.029), while GI had indirect positive effect on T2DM mediated by BMI and TyG index (SC = 0.006; p = 0.002).

conclusionLeucine intake and GI showed indirect association with T2DM, mediated by TyG and BMI, in individuals on secondary cardiology prevention, reinforcing the importance of assessing food consumption and promotin food quality improvements for cardiometabolic control by different pathways. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT01620398. Registered 15 June 2012.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietGlycemic IndexInsulin ResistanceLeucineSecondary PreventionAgedAged, 80 and overBlood GlucoseBody Mass IndexBrazilFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseLeucineBody mass indexCardiovascular diseasesFood intakePath analysisStructural equation modelTriglycerides-glucose (TyG) index

Identifiers

PMID40156624

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.